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Biology > Processes and Patterns of Development > Flashcards

Processes and Patterns of Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of mitosis for unicellular organisms? Multicellular organisms?

A 
Unicellular = reproduction
Multicellular = growth
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2
Q

What kinds of cells results from mitosis?

A

Daughter cells (2) - both genetically identical to each other and to parent cell

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3
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

2 identical chromosomes (an original and a copy) attached in the middle with centromere

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4
Q

What is a centromere?

A

It attaches the sister chromatids

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5
Q

What do spindle fibers do?

A

Attach to centrioles; function is to pull chromosomes and organelles apart during mitosis

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6
Q

What do spindle fibers do?

A

Attach to centrioles; function is to pull chromosomes and organelles apart during mitosis

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7
Q

What is a chromosome? hat is it made of?

A

Coiled up chromatin; made of DNA

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8
Q

What is a chromosome? hat is it made of?

A

Coiled up chromatin; made of DNA

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9
Q

What happens as a cell becomes larger? What problems can occur?

A

A larger cell needs more nutrients and CO2 and has more waste products. A “traffic jam” occurs at the cell membrane with too many materials coming in and going out

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10
Q

Where does the energy needed by a fertilized egg come from to begin division?

A

Cellular respiration. Materials required stored within the egg

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11
Q

Where does the energy needed by a fertilized egg come from to begin division?

A

Cellular respiration. Materials required stored within the egg

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12
Q

Where is information stored for all cells?

A

DNA/Chromosomes found in the nucleus

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13
Q

What causes genes to turn on or off?

A

Cytoplasmic regulation - inside the cell.
Induction - outside the cell.
Both regulated by DNA

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14
Q

Why might there be a substance in one cell and not in a daughter cell?

A

Depends on where materials are distributed during cell division. If a substance is concentrated in one part of the cytoplasm it may end up in one daughter cell and not the other

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15
Q

Why might there be a substance in one cell and not in a daughter cell?

A

Depends on where materials are distributed during cell division. If a substance is concentrated in one part of the cytoplasm it may end up in one daughter cell and not the other

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16
Q

What does DNA replication do for the cell? Why does it need it?

A

Provides a copy of the DNA needed in order for the cell to divide - each daughter cell needs its own set

17
Q

What is differentiation? What is it controlled by?

A

Cells becoming different from each other structurally in order to perform different functions within the body. Controlled by genes (DNA)

18
Q

What is differentiation? What is it controlled by?

A

Cells becoming different from each other structurally in order to perform different functions within the body. Controlled by genes (DNA)

19
Q

What is development? When does it start, and when does it end?

A

Growth (mitosis) and differentiation. Begins soon after fertilization and ends with death

20
Q

What is development? When does it start, and when does it end?

A

Growth (mitosis) and differentiation. Begins soon after fertilization and ends with death

21
Q

When does a stem cell start to transform into different types of cells?

A

When they begin to differentiate; very early in development

22
Q

What are the two groups of development problems?

A

Errors in genes - mutations; these are inherited; downs syndrome disruptions in expression of genes - changes in DNA caused by many factors; some environmental

23
Q

What is FAS? What is it a result from?

A

Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome. Results from drinking alcohol while pregnant

24
Q

What can smoking during pregnancy do to the fetus?

A

Increases the risk of asthma and causes low birth rate

25
Q

What can smoking during pregnancy do to the fetus?

A

Increases the risk of asthma and causes low birth rate

26
Q

What is cancer the result from?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth, cells just divide and divide resulting in a tumor

27
Q

What is wrong with the oncogenes?

A

Abnormal active cells, divide uncontrollably, causing cancer

28
Q

In what two ways can we get oncogenes?

A

Cellular mutations or viruses

Biology (14 decks)

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