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Biology > Evolution: Change Across Time > Flashcards

Evolution: Change Across Time Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Evolutionary biologist

A

A scientist that studies the descendants of species and the origin of a new species & relatedness of living things

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1
Q

Paleontologist

A

A scientist who studies the history of the earth through it’s geologic history and who learns about history of life on earth through the study of fossils

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2
Q

Developmental biologist

A

A scientist that studies the processes by which an organism develops and body structured development

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3
Q

Physical anthropologist

A

A scientist who studies the biological evolution of humans

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4
Q

Archaeologist

A

A scientist that studies prehistorical people in their cultures by analysis of the artifacts, inscriptions, monuments etc.

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5
Q

What parts of organisms typically are preserve as fossils?

A

Their bones & teeth

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6
Q

Individuals from the fossil group Australopithecus should be classified as what?

A

Hominoids

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7
Q

What types of evidence do we use to determine the relationships between fossilize organisms?

A

Fossils, DNA, embryology, homologous structures

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8
Q

If the theory of evolution is correct would you expect to see the number of different species on earth increase overtime or decrease? would you expect to see the species themselves become more sophisticated or more simple?

A

Increase overtime because natural selection would keep creating new species I would expect the species to become more sophisticated because they will keep evolving and adapting to be more advanced

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9
Q

Who was Alfred Wallace and what was his relationship to Charles Darwin? why do we give Darwin credit for the theory of evolution and not Wallace?

A

Wallace was a young scientist who wrote Darwin with a draft of scientific paper that describe the theory of evolution Darwin got this credit because his explanation of evolution was more detailed and had more concrete evidence Darwin’s journal showed he developed his ideas on the 15 years before reading wallaces paper

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10
Q

What are the five principles of Darwins theory of evolution?

A

Variation, adaptation, competition natural selection, speciation

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11
Q

Variation

A

Individual members of a species are all slightly different

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12
Q

Adaptation

A

Some of these differences turn out to help the individual survive longer-The differences makes that one better adapted to their environment (part of DNA not choice no change handed down to offspring)

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13
Q

Competition

A

Resources in any environment are limited and there are not enough resources to go around like food water mates shelter. Individuals who are better adapted to their environment have a better chance of getting their share of the limited resources

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14
Q

Natural selection

A

Those that survived the longest get to reproduce more and the babies will have the different features so the difference is selected by nature (survival of the fittest)

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15
Q

Speciation

A

Over many generations those that survived accumulated more and more differences and eventually become a totally different species

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16
Q

Thoroughly describe the idea of natural selection

A

Those that survived the longest get to reproduce more in the babies will have the different features so the difference is selected by nature

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17
Q

According to national selection what will happen to the organisms who have beneficial variation?

A

According to natural selection organisms who have beneficial variation will survive longer and reproduce more

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18
Q

Would you expect organisms that are closely related to have a common ancestor? why?

A

Yes I would expect organisms that are closely related to have a common ancestor because they were probably wants the same species but natural selection and variation change them due to selective pressures in different environments

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19
Q

How do you certain variations hope certain individuals survive?

A

Certain variations such as color can help individual survived by being less visible to predators and that allows them to reproduce more

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20
Q

What are antibiotics used to treat?

A

Bacterial infections

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21
Q

What is the difference between an anti-septic and an antibiotic?

A

Anti-septic’s: TOPICAL prevent growth and development of micro organisms without necessarily killing them antibiotics: DRUG are chemical substances that kill and stop the growth of bacteria

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22
Q

What does it mean if we say that a type of bacteria is resistant?

A

It has built up immunity to the antibiotics and will continue to reproduce (noo gee affected by antibiotics)

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23
Q

How does a bacteria become resistant?

A

The DNA evolves to resist the antibiotics because of continued exposure to antibiotics

24
Q

What could happen if antibiotics are over prescribed prescribed for an illness that they can’t cure?

A

The variation of bacteria will adapt and evolve due to natural selection and build up immunity to the antibiotics and when the person actually needs them they won’t work because they have already evolved

25
Q

Who was the Iceman? how did he die?

A

He died on the appellation Mountains because he was shot by an arrow. he was 5300 years old and lived in the late Stone Age

26
Q

What did the evolution of plans lead to

A

O2 in our atmosphere

27
Q

What is a vestigial structure?

A

Functional structures that were functioning in an ancestral species (we don’t need anymore)

28
Q

What is a homologous structure?

A

Body parts that are alike because the species in question share a common ancestor

29
Q

What does the word evolution mean?

A

Differences among species are the result of changes across time

30
Q

How is a scientific theory different from a hypothesis?

A

A theory is an explanation that is extremely well excepted by the scientific community because a variety of strong evidence supports them

A hypothesis is a trial of ideas or tentative explanations that can be tested

31
Q

How do we determine if two organisms are different species?

A

If they can reproduce together and have fertile off springs they are not different species

32
Q

Carefully review the information you have about the pepper moths

A

Natural selection change the color of the mosque in a help them survive and reproduce more

33
Q

Indirect dating a.k.a. relative dating

A

Known as relative methods because techniques allows scientists to say only that certain fossils is all there are younger than her fossil

34
Q

Direct dating a.k.a. absolute dating

A

Can determine the age of fossils with much greater accuracy then indirect dating

35
Q

What does the genetic code or DNA have to do with common ancestry?

A

It is the master plan for the divers characteristics of each species DNA helps determine how closely to organisms are related

36
Q

Who is Lucy?

A

A fossil that was found in the 1970s that walked upright and had very similar bone structure to humans she was named Lucy after a song that was popular and her time

37
Q

What is a hominoid?

A

Direct walking primates that include modern humans earlier human species and early humanlike species

38
Q

What are some human vestigial structures

A

Muscles to move ears, nictating membrane, third molar, pointed canine appendix, caudal vertebrae, body hair

39
Q

Where is DNA located and what is its purpose?

A

it is located in genetic material and it’s purpose is the master plan for diverse characteristics of each species

40
Q

Which two species are the most similar based on DNA?

A

Chimpanzees and humans

41
Q

Approximately how long ago did hominoid split from the common ancestor shared with chimpanzees?

A

Approximately 6 million years ago

42
Q

List the more humanlike characteristics that Homo habilis and Homo rectus have

A

A more vertical face, smaller front teeth, a smaller lower jaw, and a significantly larger brain case

43
Q

What was Charles Darwin known for?

A

He was known as the main author of theory of evolution

44
Q

What is the concept of evolution?

A

Differences among species are the result of change across time

45
Q

Describe two ways humans have used variation to improve in organisms characteristics

A

Animal breeders have bread organisms to emphasize or increased certain prize characteristics

human have bread plants for different agricultural uses and to suit different human taste

46
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms whose members very closely resemble each other because they share many key characteristics

47
Q

Why are mules sterile organisms?

A

Because horses and donkeys going to two different although very closely related species these offspring miles are sterile

48
Q

What does adaptation mean?

A

Inherited characteristics that best equipped them to survive in a particular environment

49
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Humans choose to allow organisms to reproduce in order to pass on desirable characteristics

50
Q

How does predation affect an organism’s ability to pass their jeans?

A

Predation is another pressure that many organisms face and organism has to live long enough to reproduce and that requires that the predator be successful in locating and catching other pray

51
Q

Where does penicillin come from?

A

Mold

52
Q

Is penicillin organic or inorganic?

A

Organic

53
Q

Does penicillin contain DNA?

A

Yes

54
Q

When did the use of penicillin become widespread?

A

1941

55
Q

What does an antibiotic do?

A

Fight bacterial infection

56
Q

Is there a chance that it someplace antibiotics will no longer work?

A

Yes because the bacteria will adapt to resist on anabiotic’s one-day

57
Q

What does disinfectant mean?

A

An agent that destroys micro organisms that might carry disease

Biology (14 decks)

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