Evolution: Change Across Time

Question 0

Evolutionary biologist

Answer 0

A scientist that studies the descendants of species and the origin of a new species & relatedness of living things

Question 1

Paleontologist

Answer 1

A scientist who studies the history of the earth through it’s geologic history and who learns about history of life on earth through the study of fossils

Question 2

Developmental biologist

Answer 2

A scientist that studies the processes by which an organism develops and body structured development

Question 3

Physical anthropologist

Answer 3

A scientist who studies the biological evolution of humans

Question 4

Archaeologist

Answer 4

A scientist that studies prehistorical people in their cultures by analysis of the artifacts, inscriptions, monuments etc.

Question 5

What parts of organisms typically are preserve as fossils?

Answer 5

Their bones & teeth

Question 6

Individuals from the fossil group Australopithecus should be classified as what?

Answer 6

Hominoids

Question 7

What types of evidence do we use to determine the relationships between fossilize organisms?

Answer 7

Fossils, DNA, embryology, homologous structures

Question 8

If the theory of evolution is correct would you expect to see the number of different species on earth increase overtime or decrease? would you expect to see the species themselves become more sophisticated or more simple?

Answer 8

Increase overtime because natural selection would keep creating new species I would expect the species to become more sophisticated because they will keep evolving and adapting to be more advanced

Question 9

Who was Alfred Wallace and what was his relationship to Charles Darwin? why do we give Darwin credit for the theory of evolution and not Wallace?

Answer 9

Wallace was a young scientist who wrote Darwin with a draft of scientific paper that describe the theory of evolution Darwin got this credit because his explanation of evolution was more detailed and had more concrete evidence Darwin’s journal showed he developed his ideas on the 15 years before reading wallaces paper

Question 10

What are the five principles of Darwins theory of evolution?

Answer 10

Variation, adaptation, competition natural selection, speciation

Question 11

Variation

Answer 11

Individual members of a species are all slightly different

Question 12

Adaptation

Answer 12

Some of these differences turn out to help the individual survive longer-The differences makes that one better adapted to their environment (part of DNA not choice no change handed down to offspring)

Question 13

Competition

Answer 13

Resources in any environment are limited and there are not enough resources to go around like food water mates shelter. Individuals who are better adapted to their environment have a better chance of getting their share of the limited resources

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

Those that survived the longest get to reproduce more and the babies will have the different features so the difference is selected by nature (survival of the fittest)

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

Over many generations those that survived accumulated more and more differences and eventually become a totally different species

Question 16

Thoroughly describe the idea of natural selection

Answer 16

Those that survived the longest get to reproduce more in the babies will have the different features so the difference is selected by nature

Question 17

According to national selection what will happen to the organisms who have beneficial variation?

Answer 17

According to natural selection organisms who have beneficial variation will survive longer and reproduce more

Question 18

Would you expect organisms that are closely related to have a common ancestor? why?

Answer 18

Yes I would expect organisms that are closely related to have a common ancestor because they were probably wants the same species but natural selection and variation change them due to selective pressures in different environments

Question 19

How do you certain variations hope certain individuals survive?

Answer 19

Certain variations such as color can help individual survived by being less visible to predators and that allows them to reproduce more

Question 20

What are antibiotics used to treat?

Answer 20

Bacterial infections

Question 21

What is the difference between an anti-septic and an antibiotic?

Answer 21

Anti-septic’s: TOPICAL prevent growth and development of micro organisms without necessarily killing them antibiotics: DRUG are chemical substances that kill and stop the growth of bacteria

Question 22

What does it mean if we say that a type of bacteria is resistant?

Answer 22

It has built up immunity to the antibiotics and will continue to reproduce (noo gee affected by antibiotics)

Question 23

How does a bacteria become resistant?

Answer 23

The DNA evolves to resist the antibiotics because of continued exposure to antibiotics

Question 24

What could happen if antibiotics are over prescribed prescribed for an illness that they can't cure?

Answer 24

The variation of bacteria will adapt and evolve due to natural selection and build up immunity to the antibiotics and when the person actually needs them they won't work because they have already evolved

Question 25

Who was the Iceman? how did he die?

Answer 25

He died on the appellation Mountains because he was shot by an arrow. he was 5300 years old and lived in the late Stone Age

Question 26

What did the evolution of plans lead to

Answer 26

O2 in our atmosphere

Question 27

What is a vestigial structure?

Answer 27

Functional structures that were functioning in an ancestral species (we don't need anymore)

Question 28

What is a homologous structure?

Answer 28

Body parts that are alike because the species in question share a common ancestor

Question 29

What does the word evolution mean?

Answer 29

Differences among species are the result of changes across time

Question 30

How is a scientific theory different from a hypothesis?

Answer 30

A theory is an explanation that is extremely well excepted by the scientific community because a variety of strong evidence supports them A hypothesis is a trial of ideas or tentative explanations that can be tested

Question 31

How do we determine if two organisms are different species?

Answer 31

If they can reproduce together and have fertile off springs they are not different species

Question 32

Carefully review the information you have about the pepper moths

Answer 32

Natural selection change the color of the mosque in a help them survive and reproduce more

Question 33

Indirect dating a.k.a. relative dating

Answer 33

Known as relative methods because techniques allows scientists to say only that certain fossils is all there are younger than her fossil

Question 34

Direct dating a.k.a. absolute dating

Answer 34

Can determine the age of fossils with much greater accuracy then indirect dating

Question 35

What does the genetic code or DNA have to do with common ancestry?

Answer 35

It is the master plan for the divers characteristics of each species DNA helps determine how closely to organisms are related

Question 36

Who is Lucy?

Answer 36

A fossil that was found in the 1970s that walked upright and had very similar bone structure to humans she was named Lucy after a song that was popular and her time

Question 37

What is a hominoid?

Answer 37

Direct walking primates that include modern humans earlier human species and early humanlike species

Question 38

What are some human vestigial structures

Answer 38

Muscles to move ears, nictating membrane, third molar, pointed canine appendix, caudal vertebrae, body hair

Question 39

Where is DNA located and what is its purpose?

Answer 39

it is located in genetic material and it's purpose is the master plan for diverse characteristics of each species

Question 40

Which two species are the most similar based on DNA?

Answer 40

Chimpanzees and humans

Question 41

Approximately how long ago did hominoid split from the common ancestor shared with chimpanzees?

Answer 41

Approximately 6 million years ago

Question 42

List the more humanlike characteristics that Homo habilis and Homo rectus have

Answer 42

A more vertical face, smaller front teeth, a smaller lower jaw, and a significantly larger brain case

Question 43

What was Charles Darwin known for?

Answer 43

He was known as the main author of theory of evolution

Question 44

What is the concept of evolution?

Answer 44

Differences among species are the result of change across time

Question 45

Describe two ways humans have used variation to improve in organisms characteristics

Answer 45

Animal breeders have bread organisms to emphasize or increased certain prize characteristics human have bread plants for different agricultural uses and to suit different human taste

Question 46

What is a species?

Answer 46

A group of organisms whose members very closely resemble each other because they share many key characteristics

Question 47

Why are mules sterile organisms?

Answer 47

Because horses and donkeys going to two different although very closely related species these offspring miles are sterile

Question 48

What does adaptation mean?

Answer 48

Inherited characteristics that best equipped them to survive in a particular environment

Question 49

What is selective breeding?

Answer 49

Humans choose to allow organisms to reproduce in order to pass on desirable characteristics

Question 50

How does predation affect an organism's ability to pass their jeans?

Answer 50

Predation is another pressure that many organisms face and organism has to live long enough to reproduce and that requires that the predator be successful in locating and catching other pray

Question 51

Where does penicillin come from?

Answer 51

Mold

Question 52

Is penicillin organic or inorganic?

Answer 52

Organic

Question 53

Does penicillin contain DNA?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

When did the use of penicillin become widespread?

Answer 54

1941

Question 55

What does an antibiotic do?

Answer 55

Fight bacterial infection

Question 56

Is there a chance that it someplace antibiotics will no longer work?

Answer 56

Yes because the bacteria will adapt to resist on anabiotic's one-day

Question 57

What does disinfectant mean?

Answer 57

An agent that destroys micro organisms that might carry disease