Human Homeostasis: Health and Disease Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
foreign invader to your body
What do white blood cells do?
fight invaders
Why are bacterial infections becoming more difficult to treat? Explain how this process has occurred
They mutated to become resistant to antibodies due to repeated exposure to the antibiotics (over use)
What is the job of your immune system?
Keep your body from being invaded
What is the difference between specific and non-specific?
non-specific works on any pathogen while specific works on all pathogens
What is your first line of defense? How does it do this job?
Skin & Membranes act as barriers to keep pathogens out
How are the natural openings of your first line of defense protected from invasion?
sweat, tears, saliva, stomach acid have chemicals that destroy pathogens (pathogen killing molecules)
What is your second line of defense? When must it be activated?
Inflammatory Response is activated if pathogens get past the first line of defense
Why does your skin get swollen and warm when our first line of defense has been invaded?
lots of blood is going there
Explain what is happening when your first line of defense has been punctured
Pathogens get into your body and macrophages begin to attack pathogens
What is your third line of defense? Is it specific or nonspecific? Explain. When is it activated?
Immune system. Specific. Macrophages are overwhelmed
How are macrophages involved in the third line of defense?
clear away clumped together bacteria
What are antigens? What purpose do they serve in the immune reaction?
name tags on the outside of pathogens that help the immune system to identify self and non-self
What is the difference between cell mediated and antibody mediated responses?
Cell : uses t-cells
Antibody: used b-cells
Why are antibiotics useful on bacteria and not viruses?
Antibiotics weaken bacterial cell walls - viruses are not a cell so they don’t have a cell wall
Explain the cell mediated route of the immune system
helper t’s send lymphocytes to activate the killer t’s which hunt down virus infected cells and kill them
How does a killer t-cell do its job?
uses pathogen antigens to identify virus infected body cells
Explain the antibody mediated route of the immune system
b-cells produce antibodies for particular bacteria, antibodies bind to bacteria and clump them together
What is an autoimmune disease?
disease where your immune system can’t tell the difference between self and non-self
What is usually the direct cause of death of a person infected with HIV and who suffers from AIDS?
cold, flu, cancer
How are antihistamines effective in the allergic response?
stops immune system from over reacting to harmless things
How is the immune system involved in cancer? Why do people still get cancer if the immune system is involved?
immune system kill off faulty self cells in cancerous cells then move to another part of the body and continue to divide the immune system which may become overwhelmed
How does the immune system have a memory?
t-cells stay to read in blood stream
memory of b-cells remember
Who are the universal doners? Why? Who are the universal recipients? Why?
doners: o - have no molecules on red blood cells
recipients: ab - have no antibodies in plasma
What determines if you are blood type a? How did you get to be blood type a? What antibodies do you have? Why?
molecules on red blood cells because genetics have antibodies against the type b because they are non self
Using the polio vaccine, explain how vaccines work to cause immunity. Don’t forget to explain why people don’t get polio right after they are vaccinated
a small amount of dead virus is injected into the body which makes killer t’s against polio which stay in the blood stream forever
Why do some diseases not have vaccines?
- mutate too quickly
- not that harmful
- too many strains
- genetic : not caused by pathogen
