The Cell Practice Questions Flashcards
Which one of the below types of microscopies enhances contrast by exploiting
the light-scattering properties of specimens?
a) Fluorescence microscopy
b) Electron microscopy
c) Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
d) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
In fluorescence microscopy, what causes a specimen to emit light?
a) Absorption of low-energy photons and release of higher-energy photons
b) Reflection of high-energy photons
c) Excitation of electrons by a photon and subsequent release of a lower-energy photon
d) Scattering of light
Excitation of electrons by a photon and subsequent release of a lower-energy
photon
Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescence microscopy over
traditional light microscopy?
a) It can visualize living specimens.
b) It produces higher resolution images.
c) It allows for the specific visualization of structures of interest.
d) It requires no staining of specimens
c) It allows for the specific visualization of structures of interest.
What is a key difference between Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)?
a) TEM provides 3D images, while SEM provides 2D images.
b) SEM uses thin sections, while TEM visualizes surface structures.
c) SEM does not require specimen sectioning, while TEM requires thin sections.
d) TEM uses bigger electrons than SEM.
Answer: c) SEM does not require specimen sectioning, while TEM requires thin sections.
Which one of the following is not a requirement for electron microscopy?
a) Specimens must be coated with heavy metals.
b) Specimens must be dead or fixed.
c) Specimens must emit fluorescence.
d) Specimens must be placed in a vacuum.
Answer: c) Specimens must emit fluorescence.
Which one of the following is not a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
a) Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have one.
b) Prokaryotic cells have linear DNA, while eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.
c) Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.
d) Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Answer: b) Prokaryotic cells have linear DNA, while eukaryotic cells have circular DNA.
Which one of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Plasma membrane
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Plasma membrane
What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?
a) 1-3 µm
b) 10-100 µm
c) 100-1000 µm
d) Less than 1 µm
Answer: a) 1-3 µm
What characteristic allows electron microscopes to achieve higher resolution
than light microscopes?
a) Electrons have shorter wavelengths than photons (light)
b) Electron microscopes can use living specimens.
c) Electron microscopes use fluorescent stains.
d) Electron microscopes have thicker objective lenses
Answer: a) Electron microscopes use shorter wavelengths
Which one of the following is a feature common to both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
a) Membrane-bound organelles
b) Nucleus
c) Ribosomes
d) Mitochondria
Answer: c) Ribosomes
Which one of the following is a distinguishing feature of prokaryotic cells?
a) They have a nucleus.
b) They have a single circular chromosome.
c) They contain mitochondria.
d) They have membrane-bound organelles.
Answer: b) They have a single circular chromosome.
What is the main role of ribosomes in the cell?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) Transporting molecules across the cell membrane
Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Which structure is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and
out of the nucleus?
a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Plasma membrane
c) Nuclear pore complex
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Nuclear pore complex
What technique is commonly used to separate cellular components by size and
density?
a) Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tagging
b) Microscopy
c) Differential centrifugation
d) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Answer: c) Differential centrifugation
Which one of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Rough ER
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosomes
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Which structure is responsible for ribosomal subunit assembly?
a) Chromatin
b) Nuclear pore complex
c) Nucleolus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Nucleolus
Which one of the following organelles is involved in detoxification and lipid
synthesis?
a) Rough ER
b) Smooth ER
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Smooth ER
The nuclear envelope is continuous with which cellular structure?
a) Plasma membrane
b) Rough ER
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Smooth ER
Answer: b) Rough ER
In the endomembrane system, what is the primary function of the Golgi
apparatus?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Lipid synthesis
c) Protein modification and sorting
d) DNA replication
Answer: c) Protein modification and sorting
Which one of the following processes involves the transport of substances into
the cell by engulfing them in the plasma membrane?
a) Exocytosis
b) Endocytosis
c) Vesicle trafficking
d) Protein folding
Answer: b) Endocytosis
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is mainly responsible for which process?
a) Lipid metabolism
b) Detoxification of drugs
c) Protein translation and folding
d) Digestion of cellular waste
Answer: c) Protein translation and folding
What key function does compartmentalization within the endomembrane system
serve?
a) To reduce cellular energy consumption
b) To provide space for organelle replication
c) To separate metabolic activities in distinct environments
d) To allow for the generation of cellular waste
Answer: c) To separate metabolic activities in distinct environments
What is the primary role of the smooth ER in certain cells?
a) Protein folding and modification
b) Synthesis of lipids and steroids
c) Ribosome assembly
d) Production of digestive enzymes
Answer: b) Synthesis of lipids and steroids
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for
transport?
a) Nucleus
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Rough ER
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Golgi apparatus
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) ATP production
c) Digestion of waste materials
d) Protein folding
Answer: c) Digestion of waste materials
Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?
a) Lysosome
b) Mitochondrion
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Mitochondrion
What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
a) Both have a single membrane
b) Both perform photosynthesis
c) Both originated from ancient prokaryotes
d) Both are part of the endomembrane system
Answer: c) Both originated from ancient prokaryotes
Which one of the below forms the spindle apparatus?
a) Microtubules
b) Intermediate filaments
c) Microfilaments
d) Plasma membrane
Answer: a) Microtubules
Which organelle is responsible for generating the bulk of cellular energy in the
form of ATP?
a) Mitochondrion
b) Nucleus
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Chloroplast
Answer: a) Mitochondrion
Which structure in plant cells is involved in maintaining turgor pressure?
a) Lysosome
b) Central vacuole
c) Chloroplast
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: b) Central vacuole
Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction?
a) Microtubules
b) Intermediate filaments
c) Microfilaments
d) Flagella
Answer: c) Microfilaments
Which organelle has a highly folded inner membrane forming cristae?
a) Nucleus
b) Chloroplast
c) Mitochondrion
d) Golgi apparatus
Answer: c) Mitochondrion
