Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
The life cycle of a cell, involving growth, DNA replication, and division.
How do prokaryotes divide?
Through binary fission.
What is the process eukaryotes undergo for cell division?
Mitosis.
What are the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?
- G1 phase: Cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis
- S phase: DNA is replicated
- G2 phase: Cell prepares for mitosis
- GO phase: Cells can exit the cycle or re-enter
What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
Cell grows and prepares for DNA synthesis.
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA is replicated.
What occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
Cell prepares for mitosis.
What is the GO phase in the cell cycle?
Cells can exit the cycle and enter a state of terminal differentiation or re-enter the cycle.
How do prokaryotes replicate their DNA and divide?
Rapidly through binary fission, with minimal separation of stages.
What is mitosis?
The division of eukaryotic cells.
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope begins breaking down.
What occurs during prometaphase of mitosis?
Nuclear envelope breaks down and microtubules attach to chromosomal kinetochores.
What is the alignment of chromosomes called during metaphase?
Metaphase plate.
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
What occurs during telophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, spindle microtubules are lost.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides, producing two daughter cells.
What is the structure of a chromosome during replication?
Two sister chromatids connected by a centromere.
What happens to chromatin during mitosis?
It condenses into visible chromosomes.
What is the role of the mitotic spindle?
To organize and move chromosomes.
What is the role of microtubules during mitosis?
Critical for chromosome movement.
What are kinetochore microtubules?
Microtubules that attach to chromosomes.
What do non-kinetochore and astral microtubules do?
Help in spindle positioning and maintaining spindle integrity.
In Anaphase A, what happens to the microtubules?
Kinetochore shorten microtubules, pulling chromatids to poles.
What occurs in Anaphase B?
Non-kinetochore microtubules elongate the spindle.
