Gene Structure And Expression Practice Questions Flashcards
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
a) DNA → RNA → Protein
b) RNA → DNA → Protein
c) DNA → Protein → RNA
d) Protein → RNA → DNA
a) DNA → RNA → Protein
Which enzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription?
a) DNA polymerase
b) RNA polymerase
c) Ribosome
d) Ligase
b) RNA polymerase
What type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
a) mRNA
b) rRNA
c) tRNA
d) snRNA
c) tRNA
Which type of mutation does NOT change the amino acid sequence?
a) Silent mutation
b) Missense mutation
c) Nonsense mutation
d) Frameshift mutation
a) Silent mutation
What type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotide(s)?
a) Missense mutation
b) Frameshift mutation
c) Silent mutation
d) Nonsense mutation
b) Frameshift mutation
What happens during the elongation stage of transcription?
a) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
b) RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
c) RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence.
d) RNA is spliced and capped.
b) RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
What modification stabilizes mRNA and helps ribosomes recognize it?
a) Poly(A) tail
b) 5′ cap
c) Introns
d) Splicing
b) 5′ cap
What is the purpose of introns in eukaryotic genes?
a) They code for proteins.
b) They stabilize pre-mRNA and allow alternative splicing.
c) They are used in prokaryotic genes only.
d) They prevent translation.
b) They stabilize pre-mRNA and allow alternative splicing.
What is alternative splicing?
a) The addition of a Poly(A) tail to mRNA.
b) Splicing out exons to create mature mRNA.
c) Joining exons in different combinations to produce different proteins.
d) Translation of multiple mRNAs simultaneously
c) Joining exons in different combinations to produce different proteins.
What targets a protein to the endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Nuclear localization signal
b) Signal peptide
c) Poly(A) tail
d) Transit peptide
b) Signal peptide
What happens in a missense mutation?
a) A codon is changed, but the protein sequence remains the same.
b) A codon is changed to a different amino acid.
c) A premature stop codon is introduced.
d) The reading frame shifts.
b) A codon is changed to a different amino acid.
Which of the following is not a type of mutation?
a) Silent mutation
b) Missense mutation
c) Frame shift mutation
d) Reversal mutation
d) Reversal mutation
What is the purpose of the 5’ cap in RNA processing?
a) To help the RNA bind to ribosomes
b) To prevent RNA degradation
c) To mark the start of transcription
d) Both A and B
d) Both A and B
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
a) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
b) It serves as the template for mRNA synthesis
c) It assembles ribosomes
d) It attaches to the promoter
a) It carries amino acids to the ribosome
In which cellular location does RNA processing occur in eukaryotes?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Mitochondria
c) Nucleus
d) Ribosomes
c) Nucleus
