The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

Cell that results when gametes join together

Question 2

Somatic cell

Answer 2

Cells that are not used for reproduction (body cells)

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

Sexual reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Short segment of DNA on a chromosome

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Long and thin strand of DNA

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

Short and coiled strand of DNA

Question 7

Histones

Answer 7

Proteins that DNA coil around

Question 8

Chromatid

Answer 8

Half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

Point at which chromatids are connected

Question 10

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

Two chromosomes of a pair (1 from mom, 1 from dad)

Question 11

Diploid cell

Answer 11

Cell that contains both chromosomes of each pair (2n)

Question 12

Haploid cell

Answer 12

Cell that contains only one chromosome of each pair (n)

Question 13

Cell cycle

Answer 13

The life cycle of a cell (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

Cell growth (g1, s, g2)

Question 15

G1 phase

Answer 15

Growth of the cell

Question 16

S phase

Answer 16

DNA replication

Question 17

G2 phase

Answer 17

More cell growth, cell prepares to divide

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells

Question 19

Prophase

Answer 19

Chromatin becomes chromosome
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down
Centrioles and spindle fibers form (centrioles separate to the poles and spindle fibers form)

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes elongate to chromatin
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reform
Centrioles move from the poles and spindle fibers break down

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 24

Karyotype

Answer 24

Chromosomes are photographed, cut out of the photograph, and grouped in pairs

Question 25

Magnification

Answer 25

The degree to which something is magnified

Question 26

Resolution

Answer 26

The ability of a microscope to show detail in the object that is being magnified

Question 27

Objective lens

Answer 27

(Scanning lens) lowest power objective

Question 28

Ocular lens

Answer 28

(Eyepiece) top of microscope

Question 29

Low power field

Answer 29

Middle power of magnification

Question 30

High power field

Answer 30

Highest magnification

Question 31

Meiosis

Answer 31

Division of the nucleus that results in gametes

Question 32

Meiosis 1

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes are separated into different cells

Question 33

Meiosis 2

Answer 33

The chromatids are separated into different cells

Question 34

Polar bodies

Answer 34

A small haploid cell that is formed at the same time as the egg cell but can’t be fertilized

Question 35

Tetrad

Answer 35

A group of 4 chromatids formed from each of a pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 36

Crossing over

Answer 36

Portions of chromatids are exchanged within the Tetrad

Question 37

Replication

Answer 37

Making more DNA

Question 38

Transcription

Answer 38

The production of RNA using DNA as a pattern

Question 39

Amino acid

Answer 39

Building block of a protein

Question 40

Translation

Answer 40

Decoding the info from messenger RNA to build proteins

Question 41

Nucleotide

Answer 41

The monomers that make up DNA and RNA

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

Stores and transmits genetic info, Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 43

RNA

Answer 43

Uses info from DNA to put together proteins, ribonucleic acid

Question 44

Spindle fibers

Answer 44

The microtubules, centrosomes, and related structures formed during cell division

Question 45

Centrioles

Answer 45

A tiny structure located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope