Genetics Number 2

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Short segment of DNA within a chromatin or chromosome that code for a trait

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Different forms of a gene

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

The traits you have because of the genes you have

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

The transfer of traits from parents to offspring

Question 6

Inheritance

Answer 6

The receiving of traits by the offspring

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

Change in DNA that may result in a new phenotype

Question 8

Germ cell mutation

Answer 8

Occurs in the gametes. They don’t affect the organism but are passed yo the offspring

Question 9

Somatic cell mutation

Answer 9

Occurs in the body cells. Passed to the daughter cells by mutation

Question 10

Chromosome mutations

Answer 10

Occurs in the chromosomes

Question 11

Deletion

Answer 11

A piece of chromosome is deleted

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

A section of chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction

Question 13

Translocation

Answer 13

A section breaks from one chromosome and attaches to another

Question 14

Nondisjunction

Answer 14

When chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosis

Question 15

Monosomy

Answer 15

When a zygote has only 1 chromosome of a particular pair

Question 16

Turner syndrome

Answer 16

Chromosomal disorder. The absence of part or all of a 2nd sex chromosome in some or all cells

Question 17

Trisomy

Answer 17

When a zygote has 3 of a particular chromosome

Question 18

Down syndrome

Answer 18

An extra 21st chromosome

Question 19

Kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 19

Born with 1 or more extra X chromosomes

Question 20

Point mutation

Answer 20

The substitution, addition, or deletion of a single nitrogen base from a codon

Question 21

Mutagens

Answer 21

Environmental factors that damage DNA

Question 22

Ames test

Answer 22

Test to determine the mutagenic activity of chemicals by observing whether they cause mutations in sample bacteria

Question 23

Sex chromosome

Answer 23

Chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex

Question 24

Autosomes

Answer 24

All the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Question 25

Sex linked trait

Answer 25

A trait determined by genes found on the x or Y chromosome

Question 26

Linkage group

Answer 26

All of the genes located on 1 chromosome

Question 27

Crossing over

Answer 27

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis

Question 28

Chromosome map

Answer 28

Diagram of alleles position on a chromosome

Question 29

Map,unit

Answer 29

Distance between alleles on a chromosome. Measured by how often the alleles are separated during crossover

Question 30

Pedigree

Answer 30

A chart that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations in a family

Question 31

Multiple allele traits

Answer 31

A gene with more than 2 alleles

Question 32

Polygenic traits

Answer 32

Shaped by multiple genes