Mutations Or Something

Question 1

Germ cell mutation

Answer 1

Occurs in the gametes. They don’t affect the organism, but are passed to the offspring. Provide the variation on which natural selection acts

Question 2

Somatic cell mutation

Answer 2

Occurs in the body cells. Passed to daughter cells by mitosis

Question 3

Deletion

Answer 3

A piece of chromosome is deleted

Question 4

Duplication

Answer 4

An extra copy of a portion of a chromosome is produced

Question 5

Inversion

Answer 5

A section of chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction

Question 6

Translocation

Answer 6

A section breaks off from one chromosome and attaches to another

Question 7

Nondisjunction

Answer 7

When chromosome pairs fail to separate during meiosis

Question 8

Monosomy

Answer 8

When a zygote has only one chromosome of a particular pair

Question 9

Trisomy

Answer 9

When a zygote has three of a particular chromosome

Question 10

Point mutation

Answer 10

The substitution, addition, or deletion of a single nitrogen base from a codon

Question 11

Frame shift mutations

Answer 11

Point mutation in which a nitrogen base is added or deleted

Question 12

Mutagens

Answer 12

Environmental factors that damage DNA

Question 13

Polyploidy

Answer 13

When an organism has an extra set of chromosomes in its cells

Question 14

Genome

Answer 14

The full set of genetic info that an organism carries in its DNA

Question 15

Karyotype

Answer 15

A photograph is taken of chromosomes during mitosis. The complete diploid set of chromosomes are cut out and grouped in pairs from largest to smallest

Question 16

Sex chromosomes

Answer 16

Chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex

Question 17

Autosomes

Answer 17

All the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Question 18

Sex linked gene

Answer 18

Gene found on the x or Y chromosome

Question 19

Sex linked trait

Answer 19

A trait determined by genes found on the x or Y chromosome

Question 20

Linkage group

Answer 20

All of the genes located on one chromosome

Question 21

Chromosome map

Answer 21

Diagram of alleles position on a chromosome

Question 22

Map unit

Answer 22

Distance between alleles on a chromosome. Measured by how often the two alleles are separated during crossover

Question 23

Crossing over

Answer 23

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis

Question 24

Pedigree

Answer 24

A chart that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations in a family

Question 25

Carrier

Answer 25

Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive trait. They don’t show the trait but they can pass it to their offspring

Question 26

Sex linked trait

Answer 26

Genes for these traits are found mostly on the X chromosome

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

Change in DNA that may result in a new phenotype