The Cell Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three phases of Interphase
A
G1, S phase, G2
2
Q
What happens in G1 phase of interphase
A
Cell performs normal function, grows, produces enzymes and proteins for replication
3
Q
What happens in S phase
A
- DNA replication forms sister chromatids,
- centrosome (NOT CENTROMERE WHICH LINKS SISTERS CHROMATIDS) is replicated. (Organises spindles)
4
Q
What happens in G2 phase
A
- preparing for M phase
- production of proteins and enzymes
5
Q
What is the M phase
A
Mitosis + Cytokineses
6
Q
What are the phases of the M phase
A
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- telophase
+
Cytokinises
7
Q
What happens in prophase
A
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes, sister chromatids linked at centromere
- nucleolus (location of rib) disappears from nucleus , - - nuclear envelope breaks
- centromeres seperate, move around the nucleus
8
Q
What happens in prometaphase
A
- nucleoli dissapear
- nuclear envelope broken down
- centrosome are at opp ends of the cell
- mitotic spindles link to chromosome by attaching to kinetechore proteins in centromere
9
Q
What happens in metaphase
A
- mitotic spindles align chromosomes in the middle (metaphase plate) IN A SINGLE ROW
10
Q
What happens in anaphase
A
- sister chromatids pulled Apart, towards opp ends of the cell ,become chromosomes
- some mitotic spindles shorten , others lengthen (non kinetechore) , lenghtening stretches cell and allows it to divide
11
Q
What happens in Telophase
A
- chromosomes start to revert back to chromatin
- Mitotic spindles degrade
- Nucleolus and nuclear envelope reforme on each end of the cell , now have 2 nuclei
12
Q
What happens during cytokinesis for animal cells
A
- forms a cleavage furrow
- -cell divides
13
Q
What is a cleavage furrow
A
Indentation of actin microfilaments and myosin at center of dividing cell
14
Q
What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells
A
- cell does not divide, cannot form a cleavage furrow
- vesicles from golgi bring matériel to form the cell wall in center of dividing cell
- cell plate forms , becomes the cell membrane
15
Q
What is the cell plate (cytokinisis plant cell)
A
Precursor to cell wall
