The cell as a unit of health and disease Flashcards
general pathology
cellular and tissue alterations caused by pathologic stimuli in most tissues
systemic pathology
abnormalities of different specialized organs
cell theory
- all living organisms are composed of one or more cells
- the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
- cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell requirements
has a plasma membrane
has genetic information
ability to harness energy
Plasma Membrane Structure
composed of:
phospholipids
cholesterol
proteins
Fluid Mosaic Model
molecules move laterally in the membrane
lipids and proteins coexist in the membrane
Channel proteins
create hydrophilic pores that allow rapid movement of molecules when open
Carrier proteins
bind specific molecules and undergo conformation change to transfer specific molecules across the membrane
primary active transport
carry molecules across the concentration gradient using energy released by ATP hydrolysis
secondary active transport
transport of molecules though a different transporter through the creation of an electro-chemical gradient
caveolae-mediated endocytosis
small molecules and vitamins are taken up by invaginations of the plasma membrane
receptor mediated endocytosis
larger molecules get engulfed after binding to specific cell-surface receptors
familial hypercholesterolemia
mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor - results in accumulation of LDL in plasma
exocytosis
membrane-bound vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and discharge their contents to extracellular space
phagocytosis
engulf whole organism
ex: inflammation
