The cell as a unit of health and disease

Question 1

general pathology

Answer 1

cellular and tissue alterations caused by pathologic stimuli in most tissues

Question 2

systemic pathology

Answer 2

abnormalities of different specialized organs

Question 3

cell theory

Answer 3

1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms
3. cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 4

Cell requirements

Answer 4

has a plasma membrane
has genetic information
ability to harness energy

Question 5

Plasma Membrane Structure

Answer 5

composed of:
phospholipids
cholesterol
proteins

Question 6

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 6

molecules move laterally in the membrane

lipids and proteins coexist in the membrane

Question 7

Channel proteins

Answer 7

create hydrophilic pores that allow rapid movement of molecules when open

Question 8

Carrier proteins

Answer 8

bind specific molecules and undergo conformation change to transfer specific molecules across the membrane

Question 9

primary active transport

Answer 9

carry molecules across the concentration gradient using energy released by ATP hydrolysis

Question 10

secondary active transport

Answer 10

transport of molecules though a different transporter through the creation of an electro-chemical gradient

Question 11

caveolae-mediated endocytosis

Answer 11

small molecules and vitamins are taken up by invaginations of the plasma membrane

Question 12

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 12

larger molecules get engulfed after binding to specific cell-surface receptors

Question 13

familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 13

mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor - results in accumulation of LDL in plasma

Question 14

exocytosis

Answer 14

membrane-bound vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and discharge their contents to extracellular space

Question 15

phagocytosis

Answer 15

engulf whole organism

ex: inflammation

Question 16

transcytosis

Answer 16

transcellular endocytotic transport of solute and/or bound ligand from one face of a cell to another

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

enables the cells to adopt a particular shape, maintain polarity, etc.
contains: actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 18

actin microfilaments

Answer 18

formed by globular protein actin (g-actin)

Question 19

intermediate filaments

Answer 19

serve to impart tensile strength and allows cell to bear mechanical stress

Question 20

microtubules

Answer 20

constantly enlongating or shrinking hollow tubes with a defined polarity
support sister chromatid separation during mitosis

Question 21

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

synthesizes proteins targeted for secretion

Question 22

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

intercommunicating channel

Question 23

pathology

Answer 23

the study of “suffering”

or the study of disease and origins of the disease

Question 24

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 24

(father of modern pathology)

1. concluded the Cell theory and 2. that diseases result from the dysfunction of cells

Question 25

father of modern pathology

Answer 25

Rudolph Virchow