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pathology/histology > Reproductive System Ch 17+18 > Flashcards

Reproductive System Ch 17+18 Flashcards

1
Q

labia major histology

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium + basal pigmentation

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2
Q

condyloma acuminate

A

genital warts, multiple papillary leions,

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3
Q

gestational diabetes

A

hyperglycemia in pregnancy (24-28 weeks of pregnancy

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4
Q

gestational diabetes risk factors

A

advanced maternal age, african/hispanic ancestry, obesity, previous delivery of child greater than 9lbs

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5
Q

complications of gestational diabetes

A

birth trauma, reduced uteroplacental perfusion, hypoxia, polycythemia, jaundice, hypoglycemia, fetal death

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6
Q

macrosomia

A

complication for baby of gestational dm: large baby size which causes multiple problems for the baby

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7
Q

pre-eclampsia

A

hypertension, eduma, and proteinuria during pregnancy

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8
Q

signs/symptoms of pre-eclampsia

A

high BP, edema of hands and feet, proteinuria, blurred vision, arteriolar narrowing

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9
Q

complications of pre-eclampsia

A

compromised blood supply to placenta

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10
Q

difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

A

eclampsia involves convulsions and can be fatal to mother and baby

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11
Q

surface epithelium ovarian neoplasm

A

benign or malignant,

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12
Q

which surface epithelium ovarian tumor is more likely malignant: cystic, papillary, or solid

A

solid

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13
Q

germ cell ovarian tumor

A

include teratoma, mainly benign, and common in younger women

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14
Q

granulosa-theca cell tumors ovarian tumor

A

benign/low-grade; effects estrogen

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15
Q

sertoli-leydig cell ovarian tumor

A

affects androgens causes virilization

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16
Q

fibroma ovarian tumor

A

benign stromal tumor of ovary, ascites, pleural effusion (Meig syndrome)

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17
Q

Meig syndrome

A

symptom of fibroma, consists of ascites and pleural effusion

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18
Q

krukenberg tumor

A

tumor of ovary from metastatic stomach cancer

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19
Q

polycystic ovaries

A

enlarged ovaries with multiple cystic follicles; ovaries produce excess androgens

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20
Q

Stein-leventhal syndrome

A

(polycystic ovaries) excess androgens>converted to estrone>negative feedback on GnRH> follicles develop but no ovulation due to inhibited LH and FSH

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21
Q

symptoms of polycystic ovaries

A

acne, hirsutism, weight gain, androgen excess, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, and infertility

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22
Q

follicular cysts

A

uninterrupted graafian folicles

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23
Q

luteal cysts

A

follicles rupured and immediately seales

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24
Q

follicle cycle

A

graafian follicle > ovulation (rupture and ovum released)> corpus luteum>corpus albicans

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25
Q

corpus luteum

A

produces progesterone necessary for development and maintenance of endometrium after ovulation

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26
Q

theca cells

A

hormone producing cells

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27
Q

histological features of tertiary follicle

A

follicular epithelium of granulosa cells and theca externa

28
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

29
Q

complications of salpingitis

A

strictining and scarring of fallopian tubes, obstruction of tubes > sterility

30
Q

fallopian tube neoplasm

A

usually adenocarcina, increased incidence with BRCA mutation, peritoneal spread

31
Q

fallopian tube histology

A

outer to inner: Tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, Fimbriae (cilliated columnar cells and peg cells), lamina propria-tunica submucosa, tunica mucosa, lumen

32
Q

peg cells

A

non-ciliated secretory cells of fallopian tube, help spermazoa survive

33
Q

leimyoma

A

fibroid, most common benign tumor. asymptomatic or cause of menorrhagia - benign poliferation of smooth muscle cells of myometrium

34
Q

polyps

A

common in menopause, benign endometrial tissue + dilated cystic glands, cause abnormal bleeding, may give rise to cancer

35
Q

leiomyosarcomas

A

cancer in uterine wall or project into uterine cavity, metastasize to lungs

36
Q

endometrial cancer

A

associated with estrogen excess, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, infertility/nulliparity

37
Q

Lynch syndrome

A

hereditary endometrial cancer associated with GI, ovary, skin and brain cancer

38
Q

Cowden’s syndrome

A

hereditary endometrial cancer with breast and thyroid cancer

39
Q

hyperplasia

A

secondary to estrogen excess, can lead to cancer if growth becomes independent of the estrogen

40
Q

endometriosis

A

displaced endometrial tissue OUTSIDE the uterus, generally caused by menstrual backflow through fallopian tube (endometrial tissue functional and responds to hormonal stimulation) - chocolate cysts

41
Q

adenomyosis

A

displaced nest of endometrial tissue in the MYOMETRIUM can cause thickening of uterine wall (endometrial tissue will subject to changes during menstrual cycle)

42
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of uterus, usually part of PID

43
Q

uterine tissue during menses

A

just the endometrial glands at the edge with a large basilar zone of endometrium

44
Q

uterine tissue during proliferative phase

A

development of glands (lots of glands)

45
Q

uterine tissue during secretory phase

A

glands > spiral glands (help receive zygote)

46
Q

stratum basale

A

endometrium layer closest to myometrium

47
Q

stratum functionalis

A

varies dramatically in morphology during menstrual cycle

48
Q

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm

A

carcinoma in situ, areas of multiphocal leukoplakia

49
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

concentric layers of keratin (keratin pearls) with many lymphocytes

50
Q

corpus spongiosium

A

has urethra, ventral aspect of penis

51
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

contains deep artery, dorsal lateral aspects of penis

52
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

disorder of nerve conduction, blood flow, or both

53
Q

hypospadias

A

urethra opening on ventral surface

54
Q

epispadias

A

urethra opening on dorsal surface

55
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of glands penis

56
Q

balanoposthisis

A

inflammation of glands penis and foreskin

57
Q

condyloma acuminate

A

genital warts associated with HPV 6 + 11

58
Q

bowen disease

A

precuror to cancer, scally rough patch surface of penis

59
Q

erythroplasia of queyrat

A

discoloring of penis, early stage cancer

60
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

most common form of cancer, keratin pearls

61
Q

cavity of tunica vaginalis

A

virtual cavity fluid collection between tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

62
Q

tunica albuginea

A

covers seminiferous tubules in testes

63
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

told over tunica albuginia

64
Q

tubuus rectus

A

exit point to rete testis

65
Q

organization of testis

A

least differentiated sperm on outside to most differentiated sperm towards inside ( spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa)

66
Q

cells of sertoli

A

supports and nurish sperm cells, inside testis

67
Q

leydig cells (in males)

A

outside of testes and in sex cord; produce testosterone

pathology/histology (14 decks)

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