Renal System Ch 13

Question 1

Which kidney sits higher

Answer 1

Left (right kidney is pushed down by liver

Question 2

Blood flow of the kidneys

Answer 2

1. Arcuate artery, 2. Interlobular artery, 3. Afferent arteriole, 4. Glomerulus, 5. Efferent arteriole, 6. Peritubular capillary bed

Question 3

Cellular Components of glomerulus

Answer 3

Mesa girl cells, endothelial cells, podocytes, parietal epithelial, lumen of bowmans capsule (urinary space)

Question 4

Mesangial cells

Answer 4

Support the capillaries

Question 5

Podocytes

Answer 5

Specialized endothelial cells…

Question 6

Components of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 6

GBM (glumerular basement membrane), slit diaphragm, foot processes, fenestrated endothelium

Question 7

Molecules filtered because of size

Answer 7

IgG, transferrin, etc.

Question 8

Molecules filtered by GFB due to charge

Answer 8

HDL, transferrin, albumin

Question 9

Renal acidosis

Answer 9

When the kidneys are unable to release H+, absorb HCO3-, or both

Question 10

Where is blood pH regulated

Answer 10

Proximal tubule

Question 11

BUN relationship with azotemia

Answer 11

High BUN, due to high urea and low GFR

Question 12

Creating/renal function relationship

Answer 12

Lockage if more in blood, should all be filtered

Question 13

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 13

Excess water filtered

Question 14

diabetes insipidus

Answer 14

collecting tubule is insensitive to ADH because of mutated ADH receptors > excess water loss > hypernatremia, polydipsia

Question 15

components of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 15

glomerular basement membrane, slit diaphragm, foot process, fenestrated endothelium

Question 16

molecules filtered based on size

Answer 16

greater than 20 nm: transferrin, IgG, fibrinogen, etc.

Question 17

molecules filtered based on charge

Answer 17

negatively charged: HDL, transferrin, albumin

Question 18

glomerular filtrate

Answer 18

plasma minus proteins: creatinine, BUN, water, electrolytes, amino acids, glucose, vitamins

Question 19

urinary filtrate

Answer 19

water, creatinine, BUN, electrolytes

Question 20

usually not in glomerular filtrate

Answer 20

RBC, WBC, proteins

Question 21

creatinine

Answer 21

by-product of creatine and phosphocreatine during ATP/ADP production/consumption – amount in urine reflects GFR

Question 22

BUN

Answer 22

(blood urea nitrate) less toxic version of ammonia – passively reabsorbed in distal tubules > inverse relationship of GFR

Question 23

azotemia

Answer 23

result of low GFR, high BUN (ex. dehydration)

Question 24

renal tubular acidosis

Answer 24

decreased HCO3 absorptions, H+ secretion, or both

Question 25

unique characteristic of proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 25

brush border and lots of mitochondria

Question 26

signs of early stage kidney disease

Answer 26

negatively charged molecules filtered through GFB

Question 27

signs of severe damage to GFB

Answer 27

large molecules filtered through GFB

Question 28

signs of severe damage to GFB

Answer 28

large molecules filtered through GFB

Question 29

hematuria

Answer 29

rbc in urine; centrifuged = settled to bottom; dipstick = speckled result

Question 30

hemogloniuria

Answer 30

hemoglobin in urine; centrifuged = still dispersed, dipstick = solid

Question 31

red blood cell casts

Answer 31

sign of clumping in distal collecting tubule

Question 32

red blood cell casts

Answer 32

sign of clumping in distal collecting tubule

Question 33

red blood cell casts

Answer 33

sign of clumping in distal collecting tubule = glomerular origin of blood loss