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BIOLOGY CET > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Cell

A

Fundamental functional unit of life

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2
Q

Type of Cells

A

Prokayotic & Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

do not have “true” nucleus or any membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic Organisms:
Bacteria
Archaea

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

possess “true” nucleus and membrane bound organelles

DNA is packed with histones which are proteins that wrapped around by DNA

Eukaryotic Organisms:
Protists*
Fungi
Animals
Plants
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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A 
Nucleus: -
DNA: Circular
DNA Location: Nucleoid region
Chromosomes: Single
Histones: -
Ribosomes: +
Membrane-bound organelles: -
Cell Division: Binary Fission
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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A 
Nucleus: +
DNA: Linear
DNA Location: Nucleus
Chromosomes: Multiple
Histones: +
Ribosomes: +
Membrane-bound organelles: +
Cell Division: Mitosis
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7
Q

PARTS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

A

A. Cell Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model
Semi-permeable
B. Cytoplasm: portion of cell inside cell membrane
:filled with gel like material called cytosol

  Membrane-bound Organelles
           -Rough ER
           -Smooth ER
           -Golgi complex
           -Lysosome
           -Peroxisome
           -Mitochondria
Non-Membrane-bound Organelles
           -Ribosomes
           -Centrioles
           -Cytoskeletal Components: Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules

C. Nucleus: houses genetic material

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8
Q

Rough ER

A

proper folding of proteins; has ribosomes

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9
Q

Smooth ER

A

lipid and steroid synthesis

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10
Q

Golgi Complex

A

protein modification and packaging

steriod-based hormone production

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11
Q

Lysosome

A

programmed for cell death “apoptosis”

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12
Q

Peroxisome

A

breaking down of fatty acid; Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

“powerhouse”

ATP synthesis

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

Centrioles

A

Microtubule formation during cell division

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16
Q

Microfilaments

A

gives shape to animal cells

17
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

structural support

18
Q

Microtubules

A

movement of chromosomes during cell division

19
Q

Endomembrane System

A

composed of membrane bound organelles involved in protein manufacturing

Components: Nucleus,—>Rough ER,—-> Golgi Complex

20
Q

Nucleus

A

houses genetic material

21
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + Histones

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

dark portion of nucleus
observed in non dividing cells
rich in RNA

23
Q

Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane

A

encloses nucleus
separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
lined with nuclear pores

24
Q

Plant Cell

A

Unique Components:
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Plastids

Does not have:
Lysosomes
Centrioles

25
Q

Animal Cell

A

Unique Components:
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Does not have:
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Plastids

26
Q

Movement of Material

A

A. Passive Transport
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
Concentration Gradients:
* Isotonic Solution
* Hypotonic Solution
* Hypertonic Solution

B. Active Transport

1. Endocytosis
        * Phagocytosis
        * Pinocytosis
2. Exocytosis
27
Q

Passive Transport

A

movement of material which does not require energy or ATP

movement is guided by concentration gradients

28
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration

29
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

movement of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration aided by membrane carriers

30
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of solutes from a low concentration to a high concentration through a semipermeable membrane

31
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell

32
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

higher concentration of solute inside than outside the cell
which means loss of water in cell causing it to shrink (Plasmolysis)

Plant Cells: Flaccid
Animal Cells: Crenation

33
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

lower concentration of solute inside the cell than outside
which means huge amount of water in cell causing to swell or burst (Turgor Pressure)

Plant Cells: Turgid
Animal Cells: Burst

34
Q

Active Transport

A

movement of material which requires energy or ATP

direction of transport usually against concentration gradient

35
Q

Movement of Ions

A

faciliated through protein pumps

embedded across plasma membrane

36
Q

Endocytosis

A

bulk entrance of material into a cell

Types: Phagocytosis: “cell eating”
Pinocytosis: “cell drinking”

37
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”

38
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”

39
Q

Exocytosis

A

bulk exit of material from a cell

BIOLOGY CET (6 decks)

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