Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions that maintains the living conditions of cells
Categories: Anabolism and Catabolism
Anabolism (Building up)
part of metabolism involved in building up or synthesizing biomolecules
Ex. Protein Synthesis, Photosynthesis
Catabolism (Breaking down)
part of metabolism which is involved in breaking down of organic matter into more useful energies
Ex. Respiration, DIgestion
Photosynthesis
process which converts light energy captured from the Sun into chemical energy
Chlorophyll
photosynthetic pigment
captures light at 700 nm and 680 nm wavelength
Chloroplast
type of plastid that converts light energy into sugars
Parts: Thylakoids
Grana
Stroma
Light Dependent Reaction
First part of photosynthesis
Site: Thylakoids
Reactants: Water
Products: Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
Light Independent Reaction
Second part of photosynthesis AKA "Calvin Benson Cycle" Site: Stroma Reactants: Carbon Dioxide, ATP, NADPH Products:Glucose
Photorespiration
Occurs during excess transpiration in hot arid climates
Inefficient and wasteful reaction
O2 is being used in the Calvin Benson Cycle instead of CO2
Adaptations to Photorespiration
C4 Pathway
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
C4 Pathway (C4P)
At night, stomata opens and allows CO2 to enter
CO2 is fixed into a 4-carbon compound
At daytime, CO2 is released to complete the Calvin Benson Cycle
Examples: sugarcane, corn, tropical grasses
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
At night, stomata opens and allows CO2 to enter
CO2 is fixed to an organic acid and released at daytime to be incorporated into sugar
Examples: cactus, pineapple, vanilla
Cellular Respiration
aims to oxidize organic compounds to produce ATP EQUATION: Carbohydrates----------Glucose Fats---------- Fatty Acid & Glycerol Proteins------- Amino acids ---------------> ATP
ATP
Main source: Glucose
In its absence, fat is utilized to form ATP . If used up, the last source of ATP is are the proteins from the muscles
Cellular Respiration Categories
Aerobic and Anaerobic
Aerobic Respiration
utilizes oxygen and occurs in the mitohondria
4 main steps: Glycolysis, Intermediate Step, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Change
Glycolysis
sugar splitting reaction
occurs in the cytoplasm
glucose is split into pyruvate (3C compound)
Intermediate Step
conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl COA
Krebs Cycle
produces reading equivalents: NADH and FADH2
occurs in the matrix
Electron Transport Change
set of proteins that receive NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
Final electron acceptor: oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria membrane
1 GLUCOSE= 36 or 38 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration
does not utilize oxygen in the process of producing ATP
Examples; Glycolysis, Fermentation
Glycolysis
produces pyruvate
Fermentation
absence of O2; converts pyruvate into either lactic acid or ethanol
