Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

sum of all chemical reactions that maintains the living conditions of cells
Categories: Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 2

Anabolism (Building up)

Answer 2

part of metabolism involved in building up or synthesizing biomolecules

Ex. Protein Synthesis, Photosynthesis

Question 3

Catabolism (Breaking down)

Answer 3

part of metabolism which is involved in breaking down of organic matter into more useful energies

Ex. Respiration, DIgestion

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

process which converts light energy captured from the Sun into chemical energy

Question 5

Chlorophyll

Answer 5

photosynthetic pigment

captures light at 700 nm and 680 nm wavelength

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

type of plastid that converts light energy into sugars
Parts: Thylakoids
Grana
Stroma

Question 7

Light Dependent Reaction

Answer 7

First part of photosynthesis
Site: Thylakoids
Reactants: Water
Products: Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

Question 8

Light Independent Reaction

Answer 8

Second part of photosynthesis
AKA "Calvin Benson Cycle"
Site: Stroma
Reactants: Carbon Dioxide,  ATP, NADPH
Products:Glucose

Question 9

Photorespiration

Answer 9

Occurs during excess transpiration in hot arid climates
Inefficient and wasteful reaction
O2 is being used in the Calvin Benson Cycle instead of CO2

Question 10

Adaptations to Photorespiration

Answer 10

C4 Pathway

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

Question 11

C4 Pathway (C4P)

Answer 11

At night, stomata opens and allows CO2 to enter
CO2 is fixed into a 4-carbon compound
At daytime, CO2 is released to complete the Calvin Benson Cycle

Examples: sugarcane, corn, tropical grasses

Question 12

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)

Answer 12

At night, stomata opens and allows CO2 to enter
CO2 is fixed to an organic acid and released at daytime to be incorporated into sugar

Examples: cactus, pineapple, vanilla

Question 13

Cellular Respiration

Answer 13

aims to oxidize organic compounds to produce ATP
EQUATION:
Carbohydrates----------Glucose
Fats---------- Fatty Acid & Glycerol
Proteins------- Amino acids
---------------> ATP

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

Main source: Glucose

In its absence, fat is utilized to form ATP . If used up, the last source of ATP is are the proteins from the muscles

Question 15

Cellular Respiration Categories

Answer 15

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 16

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 16

utilizes oxygen and occurs in the mitohondria

4 main steps: Glycolysis, Intermediate Step, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Change

Question 17

Glycolysis

Answer 17

sugar splitting reaction
occurs in the cytoplasm
glucose is split into pyruvate (3C compound)

Question 18

Intermediate Step

Answer 18

conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl COA

Question 19

Krebs Cycle

Answer 19

produces reading equivalents: NADH and FADH2

occurs in the matrix

Question 20

Electron Transport Change

Answer 20

set of proteins that receive NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP
Final electron acceptor: oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria membrane

1 GLUCOSE= 36 or 38 ATP

Question 21

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 21

does not utilize oxygen in the process of producing ATP

Examples; Glycolysis, Fermentation

Question 22

Glycolysis

Answer 22

produces pyruvate

Question 23

Fermentation

Answer 23

absence of O2; converts pyruvate into either lactic acid or ethanol