Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY CET > Plant Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Plant Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Plant Kingdom

A

multicellular organisms
photosynthetic
cell walls composed of cellulose
green pigment chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mosses

A

No vascular tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ferns

A

No seeds; reproduce through spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seed Plants

A

Divided into: Flowering (Angiosperms) and Non-Flowering (Gymnosperms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Angiosperms (Flowering)

A

Have seeds and bear flowers
Seeds are coated and undergo double fertilization
Categorized into: Monocot and Dicot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gymnosperms (Non-flowering)

A

Have seeds but no flowers

Seeds are “naked”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monocot

A

1 cotyledon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dicot

A

2 cotyledon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cotyledon

A

Primary leaf of the plant’s embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PLANT CELLS

A

Types:
Parenchyma Cells
Collenchyma Cells
Sclerenchyma Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parenchyma Cells

A

Thin primary walls and retain protoplasm at maturity

Ex. cells in the leaves for photosynthesis; cells in the roots, stem storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Collenchyma Cells

A

Thick primary walls and retain protoplasm at maturity
Function as support and located along side actively dividing cells
Ex. Cells responsible for “strength” of celery stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sclerenchyma Cells

A

Cells with lignified secondary walls and lose their protoplasm at maturity
Ex. Xylem tissue fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PLANT TISSUES

A 
Types:
Dermal Tissue (protection)
Vascular Tissue (transportation)
Ground Tissue (support, storage, photosynthesis)
Meristematic Tissue (growth and elongation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dermal Tissue

A

outer covering
Functions: Protection, Water Loss Prevention, CO2 Adsorption
Types: Trichomes, Cuticle, Stomata, Guard Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trichomes

A

hair like protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cuticle

A

thin layer that prevents water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stomata

A

Entrance of CO2

`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Guard Cell

A

Regulates the opening and closing of stomata

closing: hot days to prevent water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

present in almost all parts of the plant
Function: Water and Food Transportation
Types: Xylem, Phloem, Bundles, Rings, Annual Rings

21
Q

Xylem

A

for water transport

22
Q

Phloem

A

for food transport

23
Q

Bundles

A

arrangement of vascular tissue for monocots

24
Q

Rings

A

arrangement of vascular tissue for dicots

25
Q

Annual Rings

A

Basis of age for trees
Result from difference of growth rate of plant cells between rainy and sunny seasons

Xylem grows at different rate depending on the season
Thicker: enough water
Thinner: lack of water

26
Q

Ground Tissue

A

Situated between vascular and dermal tissue

Function: support and food storage and photosynthesis

27
Q

Meristematic Tissue

A

Located at the tips (shoot tip and root tip)
Function: growth and elongation
cells are actively dividing

*Apical Meristem- for primary growth
Shoot Apical Meristem- shoot elongation
Root Apical Meristem- root elongation

*Lateral Meristem- secondary growth; stem thickening

28
Q

PLANT ORGAN SYSTEMS

A

A. Shoot System

B. Root System

29
Q

Shoot System

A 
Above ground
Components: 
                  Stem
                               Node
                               Internode
                               Modified Stem (B, R, T)
                  Leaves
                               Mesophyll
                  Flowers
                         Carpel/Pistil (Stigma, Style, Ovary, Ovule)
                         Stamen ( Anther, Filament)
                  Accessory Parts
                          Petal
                          Sepal
                          Peduncle
30
Q

Stem

A

make plant upright

31
Q

Node

A

attachment of leaves

32
Q

Internode

A

spaces between nodes

33
Q

Modified Stems ( B, R, T)

A

stem with specialized structures:
Bulb-vertical underground shoot ex. onion
Rhizome- horizontal underground shoot ex, ginger
Tuber- modified rhizome storage ex. cassava, potato

34
Q

Leaves

A

attached to nodes and function for photosynthesis

*Mesophyll layer: contains photosynthetic paranchyma cells

35
Q

Flower

A

mature ovary

3 general parts: male, female, accessory parts

36
Q

Carpel/Pistil

A

Female part

Parts:
Stigma- sticky part which captures pollen
Style: holds stigma upright
Ovary: houses the ovule and develops into a fruit
Ovule: develops into a seed

37
Q

Stamen

A

Male part

Parts:
Anther- releases pollen
Filament- holds the anther upright

38
Q

Accessory Parts

A

Petal- attract pollinators (group: corolla)
Sepal- structural integrity (group calyx)
Peduncle: holds entire flower upright

39
Q

Complete Flower

A

has stamen, pistil and accessory parts

40
Q

Incomplete Flower

A

lacks some parts

41
Q

Perfect Flower

A

contains both stamen and pistil

42
Q

Imperfect Flower

A

lacks either stamen or pistil

43
Q

Root System

A

underground part
Function: anchorage and adsorption
Types: Tap root, Fibrous root

44
Q

Tap Root

A

one primary root and several lateral roots

DICOTS

45
Q

Fibrous Root

A

no primary root and many branching roots

MONOCOTS

46
Q

PLANT DEVELOPMENT

A

Components:
A. Plant Nutrition
B. Plant Hormones
C. Alternation of Generation

47
Q

Plant Nutrition

A

Macronutrients- required in large quantities
(C, H, O, N, S, P)

Micronutrients- required in small quantities
(Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn)

Hydroponics- growing plants in an aqueous solution wherein nutrients, pH and temperature are controlled

Aeroponics- growing of plants suspended in air

48
Q

Plant Hormones

A

Auxin- growth hormone
- floral and fruit development, tissue differentiation

Gibberellin- plant height regulator
-seed germination

Ethylene- flowerng, hastens fruit ripening

Absciscasid- seed dormancy
- counters effect of auxin

Cytokinin- plant cell division

49
Q

Alternation of Generation

A

Sporophyte (diploid or 2n)
-produces haploid (n) spores by meiosis

Gametophytes ( haploid or n)
- produced from mitosis of the zygotes

Pollination- occurs when pollen becomes attache with the stigma. pollen elongates down the style and releases two spermatozoa into embryo sac which fertilizes the egg (double fertilization for angiosperms)

Wind Pollination*- occurs for the plants with lack of scent, floral parts, nectar production but has high pollen production

-induces allergy among humans

After pollination: Formation of Endosperm
Seed Development
Fruit Development

BIOLOGY CET (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions