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BIOLOGY CET > Properties of Life > Flashcards

Properties of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 Innate Properties of Life

A 
Evolution
Response to the Environment
Metabolism
Reproduction
Genetic Material
Organization
Homeostasis
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2
Q

Existence of Life can be be manifested by:

A

the presence of carbon

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3
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Van der Waals Forces

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4
Q

Covalent Bond

A

sharing of electrons; two non-metal elements

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5
Q

Ionic Bond

A

transfer of electrons; metal and non-metal

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6
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

attraction between positive H+ atom and negatively (-) charged lone electron pairs

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7
Q

Van der Waals Forces

A

Temporary dipole formation between two atoms of different electronegativities

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8
Q

Essential Elements

A

Major Elements

Trace Elements

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9
Q

Major Elements

A

CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen)

growth and development

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10
Q

Trace Elements

A

Vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, H, K)

required in small quantities

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11
Q

Vitamins

A

essential for normal growth and functioning of organisms

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12
Q

Vitamin A (Retinol/ Beta carotene)

A

healthy eyes, growth and development

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13
Q 
Vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, B12)
                 (T, R, N, P, F, C)
A

energy production from carbohydrates;

blood cell formation and normal nerve function

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14
Q

Vitamin C

A

Antioxidant;

connective tissue formation, bones and teeth

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15
Q

Vitamin D

A

normal bone growth and tooth function

Calcium and Phosphorus absorption

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16
Q

Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant;

Red Blood Cell (RBC) regulation and protects the body

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17
Q

Vitamin H (Biotin)

A

Metabolism of carbohydrates;

Synthesis of fats and proteins

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18
Q

Vitamin K

A

Blood Clotting

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19
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

20
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

21
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

22
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic Acid

23
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic Acid

24
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

25
Q

Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid

26
Q

Carbohydrates

A

contain C, H and O
classified based on number of sugar units
Empirical Formula: Cm(H20)n

27
Q

Monosaccharide

A

one unit of saccharin (sugar)

Examples: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

28
Q

Disaccharide

A

two units of sugar

Example: Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose

29
Q

Oligosaccharide

A

three to nine monosaccharides

30
Q

Polysaccharide

A

more than 10 monosaccharides
Examples: Starch-plant storage
Glycogen-animal storage

31
Q

Lipids (Triglyceride, Animal, Plant)

A

organic compounds from alcohol and fatty acids

32
Q

Triglyceride (neutral fat)

A

glycerol +3 fatty acids

33
Q

Saturated Fat (animal fat)

A

stays solid at room temperature

34
Q

Unsaturated Fat (vegetable fat)

A

stays liquid at room temperature

35
Q

Proteins

A

contains C, H, O and N;

composed of amino acids linked together by a peptide bond

36
Q

Amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins

37
Q

Peptide bond

A

links amino acids

38
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

Collagen, Elastin, Keratin-Structural Support
Actin, Myosin -Muscle Contraction
Insulin- Chemical Messengers
Ipoprotein, Hemoglobin- Transport
Enzymes- Catalyst of biological reactions
MHCs- Identification of self-cells
Albumin- Storage

39
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds

40
Q

Nucleotide

A

building block of nucleic acid

contains: Pentose sugar (pentagon), nitrogeneous base (rectangle), phosphate group (circle)

41
Q

Nitrogeneous Base (Purine and Pyrimidine)

A

Purine: Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidine: Cytosine, Thymine

PARTNERS (meaning same amount):
Guanine——-Cytosine
Adenine——-Thymine

42
Q

Pentose Sugar (Deoxyribose, Ribose)

A

Deoxyribose: found in DNA
Ribose: found in RNA

43
Q

DNA Structure and Characteristics

A

Double stranded
Starnds are anti-parallel: One strand: 5’—-> 3’
Partner strand: 3’——> 5’
Double helix

44
Q

Properties of Water

A

Polar-contains both + and - charge making it an effective solvent
Capable of forming Hydrogen bonding (H+ and - atom)

45
Q

Consequences of Hydrogen-Bonding

A

Cohesion-molecules aggregate together
Surface Tension-cohesion from H-bonding
High Specific Heat-able to resist temperature changes
High Latent Heat of Vaporization- high amount of heat to transform water to gas
High Latent of Fusion- high amount of heat to transform solid to liquid

46
Q

Adhesion

A

water attracted to glass/ other substances

47
Q

Cohesion

A

water attracted to water

BIOLOGY CET (6 decks)

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