the cell Flashcards
nucleus
contains genetic material, mostly DNA, seperates from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane.
the membrane is double and has nucleus pores where large molecule can pass
what 2 nutrients are needed for respiration
glucose and oxygen
mitochondria
have a double membrane - outer of smooth inner one folding inwards
release energy through the cell by respiration
ribosomes
very small and spherical: may be free in the cytoplasm but most are attached to membranes.
amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes to make proteins
what is respiration
the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
releases energy from food
what is the fluid all cells are surrounded by?
extracellular fluid
nucleolus
composed mainly of RNA. the DNA and nucleolus are suspended in jelly like nucleoplasm
lysosomes
small spheres that contain enzymes able to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates.
break down materials that are taken intot he cell or worn out organelles
centrioles
a pair of cylindrical structures usually near the nucleus: involved in reproduction of the cell
golgi body
flattened membranous bags stacked ontop of eachother
they modify proteins and package them in vesicles for secretion from the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
pairs of parallel membranes extending through the cytoplasm and connecting the cell membrane with the nuclear membrane.
provides a surface on which chemical reactions can occur
the channels between the paired membranes are used for storage or transport materials.
vesicle
a membrane bound sac that transports materials into or out of the cell
cytoskeleton
consists of microfilaments and microtubules that give the cell its shape and assist the movement of materials
cell membrane
the outer boundary that seperates it from other cells.
determines what gets in and out of the cell
made up of a double layer of lipid molecules and protiens
