enzymes and metabolism

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all the chemical reactions that take place in cells

Question 2

what are the 2 types of metabolism?

Answer 2

catabolism and anabolism

Question 3

catabolism

Answer 3

large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Question 4

eg of catabolism

Answer 4

digestion

Question 5

anabolism

Answer 5

small molecules are built up into bigger ones

Question 6

eg anabolism

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

requires energy

Answer 7

anabolism

Question 8

releases energy

Answer 8

catabolism

Question 9

enzymes

Answer 9

catalyst proteins that allow chemical reactions to occur at a fast enough rate at body temperature for the body to function

Question 10

1. enzymes :

Answer 10

are specific and only combine with 1 particular substrate at the active site

Question 11

2. enzymes:

Answer 11

enzymes and substrates are complimentary. once combined they form a enzymes substrate complex

Question 12

activation energy

Answer 12

reacting particles need to collide with enough energy to break the bonds.
also must collide with the right atoms

Question 13

how does the concentration of enzymes affect enzyme function

Answer 13

• the higher the concentration the faster the rate of reaction
• there are more enzymes to influence reactants
• the body controls the rate of reaction by regulation the no. of enzymes

Question 14

how does the concentration of substrates affect enzyme function

Answer 14

-the higher the substrate concentration the faster the rate of reaction
- more substrates are contacting enyme molecules
- increasing beyond a certain point has no effect because active sites in enzymes are fully occupied

Question 15

how does the removal of products affect enzyme function

Answer 15

-products of reaction must continually be removed or it will slow as it becomes more difficult to come into contact with the enzymes

Question 16

how does the temperature affect enzyme function

Answer 16

-the higher the temperature the higher the rate of reaction
-only to 45-50 degrees or they loose their shape and become denatured
-optimum temperature is 30-40 degrees

Question 17

denatured

Answer 17

when enzymes get too hot they lose their shape and the ability to bind to a substrate so they become inactive

Question 18

how does the pH affect enzyme function

Answer 18

• enzymes are very sensative to pH
• each enzymes has an optimum pH level they work best at

Question 19

what are cofactors?

Answer 19

ions that need to be present for enzymes to function

Question 20

how do cofactors affect enzyme function

Answer 20

• they change the shape of the active site so enzymes can combine with substrates
• without cofactors enzymes cannot function

Question 21

eg of cofactors

Answer 21

vitamins

Question 22

how do the enzymes inhibitors affect enzyme function

Answer 22

• they are substances that slow and stop enzyme activity
• used to control the reactions

Question 23

eg of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 23

drugs such as penicillin
- prevents enzyme activity in bacteria that is involved in the constuction of the cell wall