The Cell Flashcards
What is a cell?
The smallest unit in the body to perform physiological functions
What is the cell membrane
A bio molecular sheet that surrounds the cell
Restricts what can and can’t enter the cell
What is the microvilli
Part of the cell membrane
Increases the surface area of the cell to increase the rate of substance exchange
What is the nucleus
Control centre of the cell
Contains chromosomes
Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is the mitochondria?
Responsible for the release of energy within cells
Consists of a double layer of membrane material
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Packaging of material that is produced in the cell
What is ribosomes?
Allows for protein synthesis within the cells
What is the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Folds of membrane to form flattened sacs called cisterns
Smooth = manufactures steroid hormones
Rough= produces protein for the cell to function
What is the cytoplasm?
Semi liquid cells that allow for cellular chemical reactions
What is the centrioles?
Play a part in cell division & organising microtubules that serve as the cell’s skeletal system.
They help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell.
What is the vesicles?
Air sacs of membrane that store secretions
What is the lysosomes?
Enclosed sacs that contain enzymes that cause catalysing breakdown reactions
What is mitosis?
Where a cell divides and produces two identical diploid daughter cells
What is meiosis?
Where a cell divides into daughter cells with half the chromosome number.
It produces four non-identical haploid gametes ( sex cells)
What are the two types of cells?
Somatic ( body cells )
Contain 46 chromosomes, 2 sets, 1 from each parent
Germ ( sex cells) contain 23 chromosomes ( sperm & ovum= 46 chromosomes)
