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A&P Exam > Blood & Blood Vessles > Flashcards

Blood & Blood Vessles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries: vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Veins: carry blood towards the heart

Capillaries: link arteries & veins. Enables diffusion of gases and solutes

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2
Q

Describe arteries and their function

A

Thick walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

They expand and recoil as blood pulses

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3
Q

Describe arterioles and their function

A

Small arteries that deliver blood to capillary bed

They regulate blood flow to organs & constrict in emergencies to reduce blood flow to less essential areas (vasoconstriction)

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4
Q

What are veins and their function?

A

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

They have semlunar valves which prevent back flow.

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5
Q

What are capillaries and their function?

A

They are microscopic blood vessels.

They link arteries and veins.

They exchange nutrients and gases and waste from blood.

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6
Q

What is blood?

A

A complex connective tissue which living blood cells are suspended in a fluid called plasma

It circulate around the body and delivers oxygen and nutrients to the organs in the body

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7
Q

What does blood transport around the body?

A
  • oxygen
  • nutrients
  • hormones
  • waste
  • heat
  • antibodies
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8
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  • transportation: oxygen, nutrients, hormones
  • protection: clots in response to injury, proteins against diseases
  • regulation: ph in body fluids, temperature, osmoregulation.
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9
Q

What are the main components of blood.

A
  • 55% blood plasma
  • 45% red blood cells
  • 1% white blood cells and platelets
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10
Q

Where are our blood cells made?

A

In our red bone marrow

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11
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • formed by erythopesis
  • made in red bone marrow
  • contain a special protein called hemoglobin,
  • carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled
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12
Q

Plasma in the blood

A

Liquid which contains 91.5% water

7% plasma protein

1.5% of other solutes ( electrolytes, nutrients )

transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies

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13
Q

White blood cells and their function?

A

Also knows as leukocytes

A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow

White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system.

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14
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells

A 
Granulocytes: 
contains granules ( nitro Phil s, basophils)

Agranulocytes
Contains lymphocytes and monocytes

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15
Q

What is hematopiesis?

A

The formation of blood cells that occurs in bone marrow.

Blood cells are made from a common stem cell called haemocytoblast.

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16
Q

Haemocytoblast differentiation

A
  • lymphoid stem cell produces lymphocytes

- myeloid stem cells produced all other formed elements

17
Q

What is haeostasis

A

Sequence response to stop bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.

18
Q

What are the three stages of haeostasis?

A
  • vasospasm: when the damaged muscle contracts, platelets release a chemical which enhances vaspospasm to reduce blood loss.
  • platelet plug formation: platelets stick to damaged vessel to form a mass ( platelet plug)
  • blood clotting: formation of fibrin threads to trap the blood.
    Prothrmobinase converts prothrombin into thrombin which converts fibrogen to fibrin
19
Q

What is the average blood volume in adults?

A

4 - 6 litres

20
Q

What is the range of normal ph in the blood

A

7.35- 7.45

21
Q

What does the term haematocrit refer too?

A

The percentage of cells in the blood

22
Q

What shape are red blood cells

A

Biconcave disk

23
Q

Name two substances which are transported in plasma

A

CO2

Waste products from tissue ( urea, hormones, nutrience )

24
Q

What are plasma proteins?

A

They are proteins that carry out specific functions

Such as: clotting

25
Q

Name two clotting factors

A

Prothrombin and fibrinogen

26
Q

Name the two main blood groups

A

ABO & Rhesus

27
Q

What is a phagocyte?

A

A white blood cell that can engulf and ingest pathogens

28
Q

What are platelets?

A

Pieces of cells that are involved in haemostasis

29
Q

What gives red blood cells their oxygen carrying capacity?

A

Haemoglobin

A&P Exam (10 decks)

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