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A&P Exam > Cardiovascular Sustem > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Sustem Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

The head lies beneath the breast bone in a cavity called the mediastinum

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2
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

Endocardium - inner lining that lines the chambers and the heart valves

Myocardium- heart muscle - contains mitochondria which provides the muscle cells with energy

Pericardium - outer surface - protects and prevents overfilling of the heart

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3
Q

What are the four heart valves?

A

Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

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4
Q

Definition of systole

A

The peak pressure produced when the heart contracts

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5
Q

Definition of diastole

A

The lowest pressure when the heart relaxes

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6
Q

Definition of heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute

number of ventricular systole as in a minute

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7
Q

Definition of stroke volume

A

The volume of which blood is ejected from the heart each time the heart beats

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8
Q

Definition of cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute

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9
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport nutrients & gases around the body via oxygenated blood

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10
Q

Describe the coronary blood flow

A

The heart needs it’s own blood supply

Supplied by the coronary arteries which branch off the aorta

They carry blood to the heart muscle to give a continuous blood supply

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11
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart

A

Right aorta
Right ventricle
Left aorta
Left ventricle

Aorta- upper chambers, thin walls, pumps blood into ventricles

Ventricles- lower chambers, thick walled. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs. Left ventricle pumps blood to rest of body via aorta

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12
Q

What is the order in which blood flows through the heart

A

Inferior/ superior vena cava

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Lungs

Pulmonary vein

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Aorta

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13
Q

What is a heart valve

A

They permit blood flow in one direction and prevent back flow of blood

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14
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve found?

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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15
Q

What is the pulmonary valve found?

A

Between the right ventricle and the and pulmonary artery

Prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

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16
Q

Where is the mitral valve found?

A

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

17
Q

Where is the aortic valve found?

A

Between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

18
Q

What are the five types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries - transport oxygenates blood from the heart the body

Arterioles- connect arteries and capillaries

Veins- transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Venules- connect capillaries and veins

Capillaries- allow gas exchange, transfer nutrients and removes waste

19
Q

What are the three structures to blood vessels

A

Tunica externa- the outer layer made of collagen. Provides structural support to blood vessels

Tunica media- middle layer made of smooth muscle and elastic. Can initiate vasoconstriction or vasodilation

Tunica interna- smooth, outer layer of cells called the epithelium. In direct contact with blood

20
Q

What is the lumen?

A

A structure inside blood vessels that allows blood to flow through.

It can either constrict or expand to control the amount of blood flowing through

21
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

When the lumen inside the blood vessels constricts to reduce the volume of blood flow.

This causes higher blood pressure due to their being a higher pressure of blood flowing through the vessels

22
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Is when the lumen inside blood vessels widen to allow a higher volume of blood to flow through.

This occurs to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that are lacking oxygen

23
Q

Changed to the cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

A

Cardiac output - increases
30-40% higher in first trimester
up to 40%-50% by the third trimester

Stroke volume- Increases by 30%

Heart rate- increases by 10-15 bpm

High blood volume due to an increase in left ventricular dimension

24
Q

Why does the cardiovascular system change during pregnancy?

A

To meet the increased metabolic demands of the mother & fetus

A&P Exam (10 decks)

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