the causes and events of the seven years war Flashcards
what was the albany plan of union 1754?
a plan to place the british north american colonies under a more centralized government
what did britain ask the colonies to do at the albany congress?
send delegates from virginia northward to the meeting to discuss the joint native american policy
what did the albany congress fail to do?
secure an alliance with the iroquois people
the tribe best disposed towards the british
what did the congress adopt instead?
a scheme drawn up by benjamin franklin for a permanent intercolonial conferderation
what caused the seven years war?
french fur traders from pennsylvania and virginia were eager to trade with indians in the ohio river valley
leading virginia planters, who were interested in developing the region, had formed the ohio company, received a royal grant of 200,000 acres in the ohio river valley in 1749.
french, were determined to secure the territory against encroaching british and american traders so built a chain of forts along pennsylvania’s allegheny river.
british ministry ordered colonial governors to repel the french advance, “by force” if necessary.
early 1750s
virginians crossed the allegheny mountains in upper ohio river valley to trade with the indians and survey 200,000 acres given by the king
what did the infuriated french begin to do?
build forts in the disputed area
what did the virginian governor do?
sent a warning to the french to back off
what did george washington receive?
a polite but firm refusal from the french
spring 1754
george washington sent back by a governor with small force to build a fort at a strategic point on the allegheny river to stop the french
who did washington lead across the allegheny river?
what did they discover?
150 volunteers and iroquois allies
the french had beaten them to it and built fort duquesne
what did washington decide to wait for?
reinforcements
he camped 40 miles away from the french
what happened the day after washington camped?
what was he unaware of?
virginians ambushed a small french detachment
they were on a peaceful mission to discuss disputed territory
what happened during the ambush?
what shocked washington?
10 french soldiers killed
1 escaped
21 captured
when several wounded french soldiers were scalped by the iroquois
what did washington do after the ambush?
retreated quickly
built fort necessity
when did the french attack?
3rd july 1754
what was washington forced to do after the attack and why?
had to surrender
300 of his men killed/ wounded
all cattle and horses killed
were the british government happy?
what did they do?
nope
forced a showdown with the french and sent general braddock and 2000 british troops to take fort duquense
braddock killed and army routed
1755
british fleet failed to stop french landing reinforcements in canada
what did britain do to nova scotia?
expelled most of the french population and take control
what did 5 - 7000 acadians refuse to do?
where did they live?
what happened to them?
take an oath of allegiance to the king
colonies from maine to georgia
displaced and end up in french louisiana
what happened for 2 more years?
after that?
war raged along the american canadian border
turned into a wider world war, involving other european countries and the caribbean and india
1757
william pitt recalled to power to sort things out
‘i know that i can save england and no one else can’
1758
war turns in britain’s favour - french beaten at fort louisbourg, canada and fort duquesne - renamed fort pitt
1759
quebec fell to british but general wolfe (gb) and general montcalm (fr) died in battle
what had happened in the southern states?
little fighting had taken place until the cherokee nation rose up against colonists
british regulars and provincials put the rebellion down
1760
king george ii dies replaced by his grandson
general amherst took montreal , canada now british
what was geroge iii desperate for in 1760?
what did he do?
peace
forced pitt out of office - wanted to take on the spanish
did the spanish enter war?
yes , they were beaten by the british
when did the french/spanish surrender?
1763 - britain now ruled the world
what did pitt provide?
subsides to frederick the great of prussia to fight the french in europe
