The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are true ribs (and which ones are they?)
Ribs that directly interacts with the sternum
Ribs 1-7
What are false ribs (and which ones are they?)
Ribs that don’t directly interact with the sternum, but their intercostal cartilage connects to the intercostal cartilage of rib 7
Ribs 8-10
What are floating ribs (and which ones are they?)
They don’t have an anterior attachment, and are embedded in posterior musculature
Ribs 11 and 12
What is costal cartilage?
How the ribs attach to the sternum
What is a diaphragm?
Muscular tendonous sheet
Central tendon surrounded by muscle
What is the manubriosternal joint?
Aka sternal angle- bit between the body and manibrium- also where the second rib joins
What are the two sections of the chest cavity?
Median partition - mediastinum
Lateral pleura and lungs
Where is the mediastinum?
Root of neck above
Diaphragm below
Sternum anteriorly
Vertebral column posteriorly
What does fibroserous mean?
Thick and fluid filled
Where is the heart in the mediastinum?
In the pericardium
What are the functions of the pericardium?
Restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole
Serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract
What do thin walled atria receive?
Blood coming into the heart
What do thick walled ventricles do?
Pump blood out of the heart
Why is the left side of the heart thicker?
More energy is needed to pump blood through the body, than just to the lungs
What separate the four chambers of the heart?
Inter-atrial, Inter-ventricular and Atrio-ventricular septa
What direction does blood entering the right ventricle move in?
Horizontal and anterior
What is the valve separating the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary valve, made up of anterior, right and left cusps
What is the importance of the papillary muscles?
Contract to prevent the cusps turning inside out into the atrium as the intra-ventricular pressure rises
Where is the base of the heart?
The top (formed mainly of the left atrium)
How does the blood enter the left atrium?
Via four pulmonary veins
What is the left atrioventricular valve called?
The mitral (/bicuspid) valve
What is the right atrioventricular valve called?
Tricuspid
How many times thicker is the left ventricular wall than the right?
3
What is the aortic vestibule?
The opening to the aorta
Where do the coronary arteries start from?
Aortic sinuses of the ascending aorta
Where is the right coronary artery?
Runs between the pulmonary trunk and right auricle
Descends almost vertically in the right atrioventricular groove and continues posteriorly to anastomoses with the left coronary artery
What are the two branches of the right coronary artery?
Marginal and posterior interventricular branch
Where is the left coronary artery?
Arises from the aorta and passes forward between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle. It then enters the atrio-ventricular groove and divides into branches
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?
Anterior interventricular and circumflex branch
What are the four major tributaries to the coronary sinus?
Great, middle, small and posterior cardiac veins
What are the feramina transversarium?
Holes in the cranial spine that hold the vertebral artery and protect it
When does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery?
When it’s crossed by the pectoralis minor muscle
When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
When it crosses the lower margin of the teres major muscle
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
The last bit of the colon
At what vertebrae does the abdominal aorta bifocate?
L4
What is the femoral triangle?
Wedge shaped depression formed by muscles in the upper thigh at the junction between the anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb
What is the popliteal fossa?
Diamond shaped depression posterior to the knee joint
What artery in the leg is palpable?
Dorsalis pedis
Where are deep veins found?
Underneath the deep fascia of the lower limb, accompanying the major arteries
Where are superficial veins found?
In subcutaneous tissue. They eventually drain into the deep veins
Where does the great saphenous vein run?
Ascends up the medial side of the leg, passing anteriorly to the ankle and posteriorly to the knee
Where does the small saphenous vein run?
Up the posterior side of the leg and empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
