The cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the Cardiovascular system made up of?
The blood, Veins and Arteries, The Heart, Blood pressure, Clotting, Diseases of the system
What are the main 5 functions of Blood?
1) Transporting oxygen, hormones, enzymes and nutrients around the body.
2) Transports carbon dioxide and waste materiel to excretion
3) Helps fight infection with antibodies and leukocytes
4) Regulates body temperature
5) Prevents blood loss through clotting
What 9 elements make up Blood?
Plasma, mineral salts, nutrients, waste, hormones, enzymes, gasses, anti-bodies.
What is the use of mineral salts in the blood?
Ensures the right acid balance in the blood for nerve conduction
What is the role of nutrients in the blood stream?
Amino acids, fat and vitamins are absorbed by the digestive system and are absorbed by plasma proteins.
Used by cell tissues for repair and function.
Describe the role of waste in the blood stream
Waste is transported to the liver for breakdown and then to the kidneys to be excreted as urine.
Where is Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide dissolved in?
The Plasma
What function produces and speeds up chemical reactions in the body but remain unchanged themselves?
Enzymes
Complex proteins that are produced by lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigens in the body?
Antibodies
Name the two closed systems for blood transportation
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
De-oxygenated blood leaves the pulmonary artery, travels to the lungs to transition co2 with Oxygen and back to the heart via the veins.
The heart has a muscular wall with membranes lining it, the wall is divided into 3 layers which are:
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
What is the endocardium made up of
Epithelial tissue, for the inner lining of the heart.
What layer of the hearts muscular wall is the Myocardium?
The middle layer made of cardiac muscle
What is the pericardium layer of the muscle surrounding the heart
The outer layer, which is a double walled sack
The ventricle which communicates the atrium and ventricle
left and right atrioventricular valve
myocardium
Muscle responsible for the circulation of blood. Thickest in the ;eft ventricle, thinner in the right and even thinner in the atria
endocardium
membrane made up of edothelial cells creating smooth circulation
pericardium
composed of 2 layers.
fibrous: Connective tissue outer layer maintaining the hearts position
serous: inner layer
Name the 4 valves
left atrioventicular
right atrioventicular
arortic valve
pulmonary valve
Describe Plasma
Makes up 55% of blood fluid.
Thick straw like texture
mostly water and plasma proteins like
What is an enzyme
Chemical Catalyist that speed up chemical reactions
Where are blood gasses like carbon dioxide dissolved
plasma
Antibodies
Complex proteins produced by lymphacytes in response to antigens and bacteria
What are the 2 systems that blood is circulated through
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
Systemic circulation
Transport of blood to the rest of the body and back
Pulmonary circulation
Transport of blood to the lungs and back again
what part seperates the left and right ventricle
septum
Name the 3 valves
Tricuspid valve
pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Name the 2 nodes of the heart
Sinoatrial Node
Atrioventricular Node
Sinotrial node
Controled involuntarily and made of neuromuscular tissue
what is the period of rest called
dilastole
what is the period of contraction called
systole
