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Foundations of human and physical sciences > The cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular system made up of?

A

The blood, Veins and Arteries, The Heart, Blood pressure, Clotting, Diseases of the system

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2
Q

What are the main 5 functions of Blood?

A

1) Transporting oxygen, hormones, enzymes and nutrients around the body.
2) Transports carbon dioxide and waste materiel to excretion
3) Helps fight infection with antibodies and leukocytes
4) Regulates body temperature
5) Prevents blood loss through clotting

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3
Q

What 9 elements make up Blood?

A

Plasma, mineral salts, nutrients, waste, hormones, enzymes, gasses, anti-bodies.

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4
Q

What is the use of mineral salts in the blood?

A

Ensures the right acid balance in the blood for nerve conduction

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5
Q

What is the role of nutrients in the blood stream?

A

Amino acids, fat and vitamins are absorbed by the digestive system and are absorbed by plasma proteins.
Used by cell tissues for repair and function.

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6
Q

Describe the role of waste in the blood stream

A

Waste is transported to the liver for breakdown and then to the kidneys to be excreted as urine.

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7
Q

Where is Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide dissolved in?

A

The Plasma

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8
Q

What function produces and speeds up chemical reactions in the body but remain unchanged themselves?

A

Enzymes

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9
Q

Complex proteins that are produced by lymphocytes in response to the presence of antigens in the body?

A

Antibodies

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10
Q

Name the two closed systems for blood transportation

A

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

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11
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

De-oxygenated blood leaves the pulmonary artery, travels to the lungs to transition co2 with Oxygen and back to the heart via the veins.

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12
Q

The heart has a muscular wall with membranes lining it, the wall is divided into 3 layers which are:

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

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13
Q

What is the endocardium made up of

A

Epithelial tissue, for the inner lining of the heart.

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14
Q

What layer of the hearts muscular wall is the Myocardium?

A

The middle layer made of cardiac muscle

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15
Q

What is the pericardium layer of the muscle surrounding the heart

A

The outer layer, which is a double walled sack

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16
Q

The ventricle which communicates the atrium and ventricle

A

left and right atrioventricular valve

17
Q

myocardium

A

Muscle responsible for the circulation of blood. Thickest in the ;eft ventricle, thinner in the right and even thinner in the atria

18
Q

endocardium

A

membrane made up of edothelial cells creating smooth circulation

19
Q

pericardium

A

composed of 2 layers.

fibrous: Connective tissue outer layer maintaining the hearts position
serous: inner layer

20
Q

Name the 4 valves

A

left atrioventicular
right atrioventicular
arortic valve
pulmonary valve

21
Q

Describe Plasma

A

Makes up 55% of blood fluid.
Thick straw like texture
mostly water and plasma proteins like

22
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Chemical Catalyist that speed up chemical reactions

23
Q

Where are blood gasses like carbon dioxide dissolved

A

plasma

24
Q

Antibodies

A

Complex proteins produced by lymphacytes in response to antigens and bacteria

25
Q

What are the 2 systems that blood is circulated through

A

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

26
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Transport of blood to the rest of the body and back

27
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Transport of blood to the lungs and back again

28
Q

what part seperates the left and right ventricle

A

septum

29
Q

Name the 3 valves

A

Tricuspid valve
pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve

30
Q

Name the 2 nodes of the heart

A

Sinoatrial Node

Atrioventricular Node

31
Q

Sinotrial node

A

Controled involuntarily and made of neuromuscular tissue

32
Q

what is the period of rest called

A

dilastole

33
Q

what is the period of contraction called

A

systole

Foundations of human and physical sciences (12 decks)

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