Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
what is the function of bones
providing framework
Movement
production of blood cells
storage of minerals
5 types of bones
Flat short irregular long sesamoid
Describe the structure of a long bone
Starting at the outside is articular cartilage Periosteum compact bone medullary canal (Yellow bone marrow)/ Spongey bone (red bone marrow) Nutrient artery
Planes and Axis are always what…
perpendicular to one another
superior
above
inferior
below
ventral
front
dorsal
back
distal
furthest away
proximal
closest
lateral
outside
superficial
surface
what is the main shaft of the bone called
diaphysis
name for the end of the bone
ephiphyses
what is the function of the articular cartilage
shock absorption
what is the function of the periosteum
surrounds the surface of the bone not covered by cartilage
essential for bone growth and nutrition
part of the bone which muscles and ligaments attach
Name the two bone tissue types
Compact and Spongy (cancellous)
Compact bone tissue
contains very few spaces
How many bones in the cranium
8
Name the cranium bones
1 frontal 2 parietal 2 temporal 1 occipital 1 sphenoid 1 ethmoid
mandible bone
jaw bone
list the 5 parts of the vertebrae
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacrum Coccyx
How many bones forming pelvis
3
Which bones form pelvis
ischium
llium
pubis
which bones do the scalpula, clavicle and humerus form
shoulder
Describe the process of bone repair
- Broken vessels pour into the fracture forming BLOOD CLOT
- Invaded by fibroblasts forming the periosteum
- Collagen fibres are then invaded by osteoblasts
- periosteum is formed
what are the 3 types of cartilage
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Synovial
what is synoval fluid
fluid between joints filling the synoval cavity
norishes structures
contains phagocytes
lubricates the moving joint
structure and characteristics of fibrous joints
linked with tough fibrous materiel
permits no movement eg. cranium, tibia and fibia no movement
synovial joints
characterized by a space or capsule between the bones
cartilagenous joints
separate bones by a cartilage pad
what are the 5 features of a synoval joint
- Hayline cartilage (smooth surface to reduce friction)
- Capsule (joint wrapped in fibrous tissue to allow movement)
- Synoval membrane (secreting fluid)
- synoval fluid (norishes, phagocytes, stability)
Functions of the muscle
Movement
Maintains posture
Heat generation
Describe the structure of a muscle
Lye parallel to one another with alternate dark and light stripes.
Individual fibres are very long
Myoglobin
stores oxygen within the muscle
Explain the process of sliding filiament theory
- Motor nerve simulation
- Release of ACh
- Action potential spreads through sarcoplasm
calcium release binds actin and myosin to slide over each other (cross bridge formation) - sarcome ends pull close together
- Muscle relaxes when motor neuron simulation stops
- Calcium pumped back in to break cross-bridge of actin and myosin.
Name the two types of muscle contraction
Isometric
Isotonic
Isometric contraction
Tension in the muscle remains constant the weight is manageable- fibres shorten
(pick up a cup example)
isotonic contraction
Muscles unable to shorten
fibres remain the same length
(Pick up 80kg example)
tendon
Band of white dense fibrous tissue
collagen fibres connect bones and muslces.
Muscle contracts, pulls tendon, moves bone
List the axial skeletons
cranium/skull rib cage sternum vertebral column sacrum
List the appendicular skeletons
shoulder girdle scalpula clavicle humerus ulna carpal bones pelvis femur ribia fibula patella phalanges
Ligaments
fibrous bands of connective tissue holding bones together
Provide stablilty to joint for rest and movement
can prevent excessive movement and unwated movements like jerking
