Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

what is the function of bones

Answer 1

providing framework
Movement
production of blood cells
storage of minerals

Question 2

5 types of bones

Answer 2

Flat 
short
irregular
long
sesamoid

Question 3

Describe the structure of a long bone

Answer 3

Starting at the outside is articular cartilage 
Periosteum 
compact bone 
medullary canal (Yellow bone marrow)/ 
Spongey bone (red bone marrow)
Nutrient artery

Question 4

Planes and Axis are always what…

Answer 4

perpendicular to one another

Question 5

superior

Answer 5

above

Question 6

inferior

Answer 6

below

Question 7

ventral

Answer 7

front

Question 8

dorsal

Answer 8

back

Question 9

distal

Answer 9

furthest away

Question 10

proximal

Answer 10

closest

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

outside

Question 12

superficial

Answer 12

surface

Question 13

what is the main shaft of the bone called

Answer 13

diaphysis

Question 14

name for the end of the bone

Answer 14

ephiphyses

Question 15

what is the function of the articular cartilage

Answer 15

shock absorption

Question 16

what is the function of the periosteum

Answer 16

surrounds the surface of the bone not covered by cartilage
essential for bone growth and nutrition
part of the bone which muscles and ligaments attach

Question 17

Name the two bone tissue types

Answer 17

Compact and Spongy (cancellous)

Question 18

Compact bone tissue

Answer 18

contains very few spaces

Question 19

How many bones in the cranium

Answer 19

8

Question 20

Name the cranium bones

Answer 20

1 frontal 
2 parietal 
2 temporal 
1 occipital 
1 sphenoid 
1 ethmoid

Question 21

mandible bone

Answer 21

jaw bone

Question 22

list the 5 parts of the vertebrae

Answer 22

Cervical 
Thoracic 
Lumbar
Sacrum 
Coccyx

Question 23

How many bones forming pelvis

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Which bones form pelvis

Answer 24

ischium
llium
pubis

Question 25

which bones do the scalpula, clavicle and humerus form

Answer 25

shoulder

Question 26

Describe the process of bone repair

Answer 26

1. Broken vessels pour into the fracture forming BLOOD CLOT 2. Invaded by fibroblasts forming the periosteum 3. Collagen fibres are then invaded by osteoblasts 4. periosteum is formed

Question 27

what are the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 27

Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial

Question 28

what is synoval fluid

Answer 28

fluid between joints filling the synoval cavity norishes structures contains phagocytes lubricates the moving joint

Question 29

structure and characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 29

linked with tough fibrous materiel | permits no movement eg. cranium, tibia and fibia no movement

Question 30

synovial joints

Answer 30

characterized by a space or capsule between the bones

Question 31

cartilagenous joints

Answer 31

separate bones by a cartilage pad

Question 32

what are the 5 features of a synoval joint

Answer 32

1. Hayline cartilage (smooth surface to reduce friction) 2. Capsule (joint wrapped in fibrous tissue to allow movement) 3. Synoval membrane (secreting fluid) 4. synoval fluid (norishes, phagocytes, stability)

Question 33

Functions of the muscle

Answer 33

Movement Maintains posture Heat generation

Question 34

Describe the structure of a muscle

Answer 34

Lye parallel to one another with alternate dark and light stripes. Individual fibres are very long

Question 35

Myoglobin

Answer 35

stores oxygen within the muscle

Question 36

Explain the process of sliding filiament theory

Answer 36

1. Motor nerve simulation 2. Release of ACh 3. Action potential spreads through sarcoplasm calcium release binds actin and myosin to slide over each other (cross bridge formation) 4. sarcome ends pull close together 5. Muscle relaxes when motor neuron simulation stops 6. Calcium pumped back in to break cross-bridge of actin and myosin.

Question 37

Name the two types of muscle contraction

Answer 37

Isometric | Isotonic

Question 38

Isometric contraction

Answer 38

Tension in the muscle remains constant the weight is manageable- fibres shorten (pick up a cup example)

Question 39

isotonic contraction

Answer 39

Muscles unable to shorten fibres remain the same length (Pick up 80kg example)

Question 40

tendon

Answer 40

Band of white dense fibrous tissue collagen fibres connect bones and muslces. Muscle contracts, pulls tendon, moves bone

Question 41

List the axial skeletons

Answer 41

``` cranium/skull rib cage sternum vertebral column sacrum ```

Question 42

List the appendicular skeletons

Answer 42

``` shoulder girdle scalpula clavicle humerus ulna carpal bones pelvis femur ribia fibula patella phalanges ```

Question 43

Ligaments

Answer 43

fibrous bands of connective tissue holding bones together Provide stablilty to joint for rest and movement can prevent excessive movement and unwated movements like jerking