The Cardiovascular System. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Delivers gas, nutrients and hormones to cells and tissues and removes waste.

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2
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones and cells.

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3
Q

How do you measure heart rate?

A

Pushing superficial artery against bone.

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4
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lung via the pulmonary artery and Oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart via the pulmonary vein.

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5
Q

The 3 layers of blood vessels…

A

Tunica Intimata (epithelial), Tunica Media (muscular) and Tunica Externa (connective tissue)

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6
Q

Types of Arteries…

A

Muscular (distribute blood to muscles) Elastic (withstand pressure, cont. blood flow) Arterioles (resistance)

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7
Q

Types of Capillaries…

A

Continuous, Fenestrated and Sinusoid.

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8
Q

Vein vs Artery…

A

Veins have valves, bigger lumen and thinner walls.

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9
Q

What is the role of the capillaries?

A

Site of gaseous/nutrient/waste exchange.

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10
Q

What connects arterioles and venues?

A

Metarterioles

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11
Q

What does the pre capillary sphincter do?

A

Controls blood flow at the opening of the capillary bed.

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12
Q

What do venules do?

A

Collect blood from the capillary bed and return it to the small veins. Holds 54% of blood volume.

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13
Q

Location of the heart…

A

2/3 left of midline, between the 2nd and 5th ribs.

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14
Q

Heart wall layers…

A

Endocardium, Myocardium and Epicardium.

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15
Q

What does the pericardium consist of and what does it do?

A
Fibrous = inelastic sac of dense connective tissue preventing overfilling.
Serous = Parietal and Visceral layers full of serous fluid to prevent friction.
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16
Q

What are atrioventricular valves?

A

Opened when blood flows from atria to ventricle, anchored by chordae tendinae>papillary muscles to prevent blood back flow.

17
Q

What are semilunar valves?

A

Valves opened when blood pushes out ventricle.

18
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Atrial depolarisation.

19
Q

What does the QRS wave represent?

A

Ventricular depolarisation.

20
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarisation.

21
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume expelled by the heart per minute = Stroke volume x Heart rate.

22
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood ejected by the heart per beat = Cardiac output / Heart rate.