Nutrition and Metabolism. Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of macronutrients.

A

Water, Carbs, Protein and Fats.

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2
Q

Examples of micronutrients.

A

Vitamins and Minerals.

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3
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, Galactose and Fructose.

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4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Sucrose, Lactose and Maltose.

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5
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose.

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6
Q

What do we use glucose for?

A

Converting to energy, forming structural components of other molecules and providing energy stores.

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7
Q

Uses of fibre?

A

Absorbs water in intestine to soften stools and form bulk.

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8
Q

What do VLDLs do?

A

Transport triglycerides/cholesterol from liver to adipocytes.

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9
Q

What do LDLs do?

A

Transport cholesterol from liver to tissues.

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10
Q

What do HDLs do?

A

Remove cholesterol and return it to the liver for elimination.

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11
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble and water soluble?

A

Fat soluble = A D E K

Water soluble = B C

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12
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Small molecules join to form complex structures - uses energy.

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13
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Large molecules broken down to form smaller molecules - release energy.

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14
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The amount of heat required to heat 1 litre of water by 1 degree Celsius.

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15
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

Rate energy is released to from cells.

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16
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

Energy required to support vital organs at rest.

17
Q

Glycogenesis is…

A

Synthesising glycogen from glucose

18
Q

Glycogenolysis is…

A

Breaking down glycogen to glucose.

19
Q

Glucogeneogenesis is…

A

Synthesising glucose from amino acids.