The Cardiovascular and Respiratory System

Question 1

where is the heart located

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

Other than the heart, what other structures are in mediastinum

Answer 2

thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, and great vessels of the heart

Question 3

Ensures low friction environment for the heart’s movement

Answer 3

pericardial cavity

Question 4

The body’s largest veins

Answer 4

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 5

receives blood from the systemic system (body)

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

Carries blood from the lungs to left atrium

Answer 6

pulmonary veins

Question 7

Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

Answer 7

right ventricle

Question 8

arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs

Answer 8

pulmonary trunk

Question 9

pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures

Answer 9

left ventricle

Question 10

brings blood from the wall of the heart into the right atrium

Answer 10

coronary sinus

Question 11

collect blood from capillaries and merge to form the coronary sinus

Answer 11

cardiac vein

Question 12

thin layer that lines the atria and ventricles; it is in contact with the blood

Answer 12

endocardium

Question 13

layer of cardiac muscle and connective tissue; very thick

Answer 13

myocardium

Question 14

outermost layer of the heart, the site of much fat; layer in which coronary arteries and cardiac veins are present

Answer 14

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Question 15

forms outer boundary of the pericardial cavity and is connected to the fibrous pericardium

Answer 15

parietal pericardium

Question 16

tough layer limits the expansion of the heart during filling, and helps to contain the pericardial cavity

Answer 16

fibrous pericardium

Question 17

has three cusps that ensure one-way flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

Answer 17

aortic valve

Question 18

has three cusps that ensure one-way flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

Answer 18

pulmonary valve

Question 19

tricuspid valve; one-way flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Answer 19

right atrioventricular valve

Question 20

mitral valve; one-way flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Answer 20

left atrioventricular valve

Question 21

extensions of ventricular myocardium that contract during ventricular systole; prevent valve cusps from prolapsing into the atrium under the high pressure generated by ventricular systole

Answer 21

papillary muscles

Question 22

function as tendons, transferring the pulling force of the papillary muscles to the valve cusps

Answer 22

chordae tendineae

Question 23

ridges that protrude into the ventricular chamber

Answer 23

trabeculae carneae

Question 24

wall between the ventricles

Answer 24

interventricular septum

Question 25

small depression in the interatrial septum is the location of the fetal foramen ovale, a passageway that allowed blood to move between atria

Answer 25

fossa ovalis

Question 26

ridges visible from the interior of the chamber of atria; smaller than trabeculae carneae

Answer 26

pectinate muscles

Question 27

wall between atria

Answer 27

interatrial septum

Question 28

three main branches of the aorta

Answer 28

brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Question 29

stem from the brachiocephalic artery

Answer 29

right common carotid and right subclavian artery

Question 30

form the left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 30

internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

Question 31

Both brachiocephalic veins merge to form...

Answer 31

superior vena cava

Question 32

carries oxygenated blood to lower parts of body

Answer 32

thoracic aorta

Question 33

after passing through the diaphragm, the thoracic aorta becomes...

Answer 33

abdominal aorta

Question 34

Paired common iliac arteries split into

Answer 34

internal iliac artery and external iliac artery

Question 35

Pathway in which veins carry blood back to the heart vessels

Answer 35

femoral veins-> external iliac veins and internal iliac veins-> common iliac veins-> inferior vena cava

Question 36

supplies cranial cavity with blood; branch from the subclavian artery and it courses through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

Answer 36

vertebral artery

Question 37

supply blood to the head and face but not the cranial cavity

Answer 37

external carotid artery

Question 38

supplies the structures within the cranial cavity (brain and meninges)

Answer 38

internal carotid artery

Question 39

drains blood from the cranial cavity

Answer 39

internal and external jugular veins

Question 40

this artery serves the stomach, liver, and spleen

Answer 40

celiac trunk

Question 41

artery serves the small intestines and the first part of the large intestine

Answer 41

superior mesenteric artery

Question 42

Bring blood to the kidneys

Answer 42

renal artery

Question 43

paired vessels deliver blood to the testes or ovaries

Answer 43

gonadal artery

Question 44

artery that serves the last part of the large intestine

Answer 44

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 45

collect blood from the capillaries of the liver

Answer 45

hepatic veins

Question 46

venous drainage from the digestive tract is to the...

Answer 46

hepatic portal vein

Question 47

form part of the lateral wall, protruding into the nasal cavity to increase surface area

Answer 47

nasal conchae (inferior, middle, and superior)

Question 48

floor of the nasal cavity, also serves as the roof of the oral cavity

Answer 48

hard palate

Question 49

space visible if you look into someone's external nares; opens to the rest of the nasal cavity

Answer 49

vestibule

Question 50

cavities within the bones of the head lined with mucosa; air-filled spaces lead to the nasal cavities

Answer 50

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses

Question 51

pharynx divided into three regions

Answer 51

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 52

passageway of air

Answer 52

nasopharynx>oropharynx>laryngopharynx>larynx>lungs

Question 53

passageway of food

Answer 53

mouth>oropharynx>laryngopharynx>espohagus

Question 54

a passageway that allows connection to the middle ear cavity

Answer 54

auditory tube

Question 55

contained within the oropharynx

Answer 55

palatine tonsils and uvula

Question 56

contained within the nasopharynx

Answer 56

auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsil

Question 57

between the trachea and the pharynx; suspended by the hyoid bone

Answer 57

larynx

Question 58

serves as a valve to cover the larynx's superior opening; prevents food and water from entering lower respiratory passages

Answer 58

epiglottis

Question 59

brought together to stop airflow and to produce vocalizations; covered in mucosa

Answer 59

vocal ligament/folds

Question 60

Cartilages used to tense and move the vocal folds

Answer 60

artenyoid cartilages

Question 61

side of lung with three lobes

Answer 61

right lung

Question 62

side of lungs with two lobes

Answer 62

left lung

Question 63

outermost covering of the lung

Answer 63

visceral pleura

Question 64

order of spacing in the lung from superficial to deep

Answer 64

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung

Question 65

made of hyaline cartilage, serve to hold the airway open and prevent collapse during inspiration

Answer 65

tracheal rings

Question 66

passageway to the entire lung

Answer 66

main bronchus

Question 67

passageway to a lobe of the lung

Answer 67

lobar bronchus

Question 68

passageway to a segment of the lung

Answer 68

segmental bronchus

Question 69

the diaphragm is innervated by which spinal nerves for contraction

Answer 69

C3-C5, which comprise the phrenic nerves

Question 70

Effect of diaphragm contract on thoracic cavity volume

Answer 70

increases thoracic cavity volume

Question 71

muscles involved in forced inspiration and expiration

Answer 71

intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and scalenes