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Anatomy Lab > The Cardiovascular and Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the heart located

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

Other than the heart, what other structures are in mediastinum

A

thymus, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, and great vessels of the heart

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3
Q

Ensures low friction environment for the heart’s movement

A

pericardial cavity

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4
Q

The body’s largest veins

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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5
Q

receives blood from the systemic system (body)

A

right atrium

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6
Q

Carries blood from the lungs to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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7
Q

Pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

A

right ventricle

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8
Q

arterial vessel that delivers blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

pumps blood to all of the body’s remaining structures

A

left ventricle

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10
Q

brings blood from the wall of the heart into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

collect blood from capillaries and merge to form the coronary sinus

A

cardiac vein

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12
Q

thin layer that lines the atria and ventricles; it is in contact with the blood

A

endocardium

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13
Q

layer of cardiac muscle and connective tissue; very thick

A

myocardium

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14
Q

outermost layer of the heart, the site of much fat; layer in which coronary arteries and cardiac veins are present

A

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

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15
Q

forms outer boundary of the pericardial cavity and is connected to the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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16
Q

tough layer limits the expansion of the heart during filling, and helps to contain the pericardial cavity

A

fibrous pericardium

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17
Q

has three cusps that ensure one-way flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

A

aortic valve

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18
Q

has three cusps that ensure one-way flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary valve

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19
Q

tricuspid valve; one-way flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

right atrioventricular valve

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20
Q

mitral valve; one-way flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

A

left atrioventricular valve

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21
Q

extensions of ventricular myocardium that contract during ventricular systole; prevent valve cusps from prolapsing into the atrium under the high pressure generated by ventricular systole

A

papillary muscles

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22
Q

function as tendons, transferring the pulling force of the papillary muscles to the valve cusps

A

chordae tendineae

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23
Q

ridges that protrude into the ventricular chamber

A

trabeculae carneae

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24
Q

wall between the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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25
Q

small depression in the interatrial septum is the location of the fetal foramen ovale, a passageway that allowed blood to move between atria

A

fossa ovalis

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26
Q

ridges visible from the interior of the chamber of atria; smaller than trabeculae carneae

A

pectinate muscles

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27
Q

wall between atria

A

interatrial septum

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28
Q

three main branches of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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29
Q

stem from the brachiocephalic artery

A

right common carotid and right subclavian artery

30
Q

form the left brachiocephalic vein

A

internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

31
Q

Both brachiocephalic veins merge to form…

A

superior vena cava

32
Q

carries oxygenated blood to lower parts of body

A

thoracic aorta

33
Q

after passing through the diaphragm, the thoracic aorta becomes…

A

abdominal aorta

34
Q

Paired common iliac arteries split into

A

internal iliac artery and external iliac artery

35
Q

Pathway in which veins carry blood back to the heart vessels

A

femoral veins-> external iliac veins and internal iliac veins-> common iliac veins-> inferior vena cava

36
Q

supplies cranial cavity with blood; branch from the subclavian artery and it courses through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

A

vertebral artery

37
Q

supply blood to the head and face but not the cranial cavity

A

external carotid artery

38
Q

supplies the structures within the cranial cavity (brain and meninges)

A

internal carotid artery

39
Q

drains blood from the cranial cavity

A

internal and external jugular veins

40
Q

this artery serves the stomach, liver, and spleen

A

celiac trunk

41
Q

artery serves the small intestines and the first part of the large intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

42
Q

Bring blood to the kidneys

A

renal artery

43
Q

paired vessels deliver blood to the testes or ovaries

A

gonadal artery

44
Q

artery that serves the last part of the large intestine

A

inferior mesenteric artery

45
Q

collect blood from the capillaries of the liver

A

hepatic veins

46
Q

venous drainage from the digestive tract is to the…

A

hepatic portal vein

47
Q

form part of the lateral wall, protruding into the nasal cavity to increase surface area

A

nasal conchae (inferior, middle, and superior)

48
Q

floor of the nasal cavity, also serves as the roof of the oral cavity

A

hard palate

49
Q

space visible if you look into someone’s external nares; opens to the rest of the nasal cavity

A

vestibule

50
Q

cavities within the bones of the head lined with mucosa; air-filled spaces lead to the nasal cavities

A

frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses

51
Q

pharynx divided into three regions

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

52
Q

passageway of air

A

nasopharynx>oropharynx>laryngopharynx>larynx>lungs

53
Q

passageway of food

A

mouth>oropharynx>laryngopharynx>espohagus

54
Q

a passageway that allows connection to the middle ear cavity

A

auditory tube

55
Q

contained within the oropharynx

A

palatine tonsils and uvula

56
Q

contained within the nasopharynx

A

auditory tube and pharyngeal tonsil

57
Q

between the trachea and the pharynx; suspended by the hyoid bone

A

larynx

58
Q

serves as a valve to cover the larynx’s superior opening; prevents food and water from entering lower respiratory passages

A

epiglottis

59
Q

brought together to stop airflow and to produce vocalizations; covered in mucosa

A

vocal ligament/folds

60
Q

Cartilages used to tense and move the vocal folds

A

artenyoid cartilages

61
Q

side of lung with three lobes

A

right lung

62
Q

side of lungs with two lobes

A

left lung

63
Q

outermost covering of the lung

A

visceral pleura

64
Q

order of spacing in the lung from superficial to deep

A

parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung

65
Q

made of hyaline cartilage, serve to hold the airway open and prevent collapse during inspiration

A

tracheal rings

66
Q

passageway to the entire lung

A

main bronchus

67
Q

passageway to a lobe of the lung

A

lobar bronchus

68
Q

passageway to a segment of the lung

A

segmental bronchus

69
Q

the diaphragm is innervated by which spinal nerves for contraction

A

C3-C5, which comprise the phrenic nerves

70
Q

Effect of diaphragm contract on thoracic cavity volume

A

increases thoracic cavity volume

71
Q

muscles involved in forced inspiration and expiration

A

intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, diaphragm, and scalenes

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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