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Anatomy Lab > Intro to Osteology and the Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Intro to Osteology and the Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

The marrow cavities and spaces surrounding the trabeculae are filled with adipose-rich…

A

yellow bone marrow

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2
Q

Regions of the axial skeleton and proximal limb bones, spongy bones contain

A

red bone marrow

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3
Q

The main feature of a long bone are the

A

diaphysis (long shaft) and epiphyses (knob-like enlargements

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4
Q

An epiphysis is typically covered where it meets the bone in….

A

articular cartilage

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5
Q

comprised of growing cartilage until adulthood, at which time the cartilage is replaced by bone

A

epiphyseal plate

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6
Q

represents the location of bone that has overtaken the epiphyseal plate, can be seen in x-ray

A

epiphyseal line

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7
Q

a rounded enlargement at the end of a bone

A

head

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8
Q

a round knob-like region that articulates with another bone; covered in cartilage

A

condyle

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9
Q

an enlargement of a bone near a condyle

A

epicondyle

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10
Q

a bony projection from the surface

A

process

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11
Q

a bump or elevation

A

tubercle

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12
Q

a slightly larger, broader version of a tubercle

A

tuberosity

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13
Q

a huge tubercle, reserved for those on the femur

A

trochanter

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14
Q

a hole or opening

A

foramen

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15
Q

an opening or canal

A

meatus

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16
Q

an elongated hole or irregular opening

A

fissure

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17
Q

a shallow depression

A

fossa

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18
Q

formed when two bones grow together; entirely immovable joint; ex. the sacrum or fusion of three bones on one side of the pelvis

A

osseous joints

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19
Q

minimal, insignificant movement; held together by fibrous connective tissue; ex. sacroiliac joint

A

fibrous joints

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20
Q

Have some degree of flexibility; ex. joint formed between vertebrae and the intervertebral disc

A

cartilaginous joint

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21
Q

highly mobile joints that consist of several parts; connected by synovial membrane

A

synovial joints

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22
Q

fibrocartilage pads whose shapes help to stabilize joints

A

articular discs

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23
Q

Simplest synovial joints; two planes of motion; carpal and tarsal bones that make up the proximal part of the hand and foot

A

Plane joint

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24
Q

Allows rotations around a central axis (1 plane of motion); two vertebrae of the neck which allow the turning of the head

A

pivot joint

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25
Responsible for the bending of your elbows and knees; p=occurs within a single plane of motion
Hinge joint
26
Two concave surfaces are opposed in these joints; 2 planes of motion; ex. joint found in ankle
saddle joint
27
Involves one oblong convex surface and one concave surface; cannot rotate along a central axis and two planes of motion; ex. the wrist
condyloid joint
28
Highest degree of motion; movement possible in all planes (3) and rotation; ex. hip and shoulder
ball and socket joint
29
Vertebral columns that are concave from a posterior perspective
cervical and lumbar
30
vertebral columns that are convex from a posterior perspective
thoracic and sacral
31
the weight-bearing region of the vertebra; become more substantial in the lower regions of the vertebral column
body of the vertebra
32
where the spinal cord passes through the vertebra
vertebral foramen
33
sites of muscle attachment
spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae
34
form joints with those of adjacent vertebrae; responsible for restricting movement of the vertebral column
superior and inferior articular processes
35
a stout connection between the body and the rest of the vertebra
pedicle
36
above and below the pedicle, notches allow for the passage of spinal nerves
intervertebral foramina
37
a flat region that connects the spinous process to rest of vertebra
lamina
38
opening in the cervical vertebrae that provides passage for the vertebral artery
transverse foramen
39
Often called vertebra prominens because of its long spinous process that can be easily palpated in most people
C7
40
The first cervical vertebrae; has no vertebral body and serves to articulate with the skull
atlas (C1)
41
has a projection called the dens that fits into the sizable vertebral foramen of C1
the axis (C2)
42
Small indentations on the thoracic vertebrae tat mark the articulations with the ribs
superior and inferior costal facets
43
indicates where the transverse processes form a joint with the rib
transverse costal facets
44
formed of fused spinous processes in the sacrum
median sacral crest
45
articulates with the inferior articular processes of L5
superior articular process
46
The dorsal rami of spinal nerves leave the sacral canal through 4 pairs of...
posterior sacral foramina
47
The ventral rami of spinal nerves leave the sacral canal through 4 pairs of....
anterior sacral foramina
48
The lateral margins of the sacrum formed from fused transverse processes; the wings
Alae
49
The continuation of the vertebral canal; houses the spinal nerve root of the cauda equina
sacral canal
50
formed by the fusion of 3-4 coccygeal vertebrae
coccyx
51
The superior margin of the sternum
Manubrium
52
The medial margin of the sternum
body of the sternum
53
The inferior margin of the sternum
xiphoid process
54
The line of fusion between the manubrium and body
sternal angle
55
Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body
head of the ribs
56
the head of the ribs tapers to a....
neck
57
articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebra's transverse process
tubercle of the ribs
58
Where the ribs terminate; spans the gap between the sternum
costal cartilages
59
Ribs 1-7 articulate directly (via costal cartilage) with the sternum
true ribs
60
ribs 8-12 that do not directly attach to the sternum
False ribs
61
Ribs 11 & 12
floating ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all
62
Atlanto-occipital joint
the first cervical vertebrae (C1), the atlas, forms a condyloid joint with the occipital bone of the skull; nodding motion
63
The two broad gliding surfaces between the atlas and axis are formed by the articular processes
atlanto-axial joint
64
Two types of intervertebral joints
cartilaginous intervertebral joint is formed by the intervertebral disc and two adjacent vertebrae; functions as a shock absorber synovial intervertebral joints formed with superior and inferior articular processes of vertebra; gliding motions
65
Formed between the heads of ribs and the bodies of the vertebrae
costovertebral joints
66
formed when the transverse costal facet meets the tubercle of the rib; plane joint
costotransverse joint
67
Sternum meets the appendicular skeleton at the clavicle; saddle joint
sternoclavicular joint
68
the alae of the sacrum form sturdy; immovable fibrous joints with the ilia of the pelvis
sacroiliac joint
69
this suture is found at the shared boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone
squamous suture
70
this suture is formed where the occipital bone meets the parietal bones
lambdoid suture
71
Suture located at the boundary between the two parietal bones
sagittal suture
72
suture at the boundary between the frontal bone and the parietal bones
coronal suture
73
Separates the two nasal cavities; formed from a portion of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, and part of the nasal cartilages
Nasal septum
74
Forms the posterior limit of the boney structure surrounding the nasal cavity
pterygoid process
75
Surrounding and connected to the nasal cavities; lighten the weight of the skull and may affect the quality of our voices
paranasal sinuses
76
Lateral walls of the nasal cavity; bony spirals that project into nasal cavities
nasal conchae
77
CN V passes through these openings in skull
supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen, mental foramen
78
CN 2 passes through this openingin skull
optic canal
79
CN 3, 4, and 6 pass through this opening in skull
superior orbital fissure
80
a lever arm for the attachment of the large temporalis muscle
coronoid process
81
an opening that forms the innermost part of the external ear canal
external acoustic meatus
82
the site of muscle attachment
mastoid and styloid process
83
articulate with te first cervical vertebrae (atlas)
occipital condyles
84
the vertical element of the mandible
ramus of mandible
85
a bridge over the temporalis muscle, formed from zygomatic and temporal bone
zygomatic arch
86
part of the ethmoid bone that allows passage of CN1 from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb
cribriform plate
87
the part of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland
sella turcica
88
the spinal cord exits the skull here; found within the occipital bone
foramen magnum

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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