The cardiac cycle

Question 1

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 1

Refers to the sequence of mechanical and electrical events that repeats with every heartbeat

Question 2

What are the 5 stages of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 2

Late diastole
Atrial systole
Isovolumic ventricular contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Question 3

What is a phonocardiogram?

Answer 3

A plot of high fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs of the heart by a phonocardiograph. Used to identify murmurs or septal defects

Question 4

What do the 4 heart sounds represent?

Answer 4

1st - AV valves shutting
2nd - semilunar valves shutting
3rd - passive rapid filling of ventricle
4th - active filling phase by atrial contraction

Question 5

What does a systolic murmur sound like?

Answer 5

Lub shhhh dub

Question 6

What does a diastolic murmur sound like?

Answer 6

Lub dub shh

Question 7

What can cause systolic murmurs?

Answer 7

Stenosis of aortic or pulmonary valve

Regurgitation of mitral or tricuspid valve

Question 8

What can cause diastolic murmurs?

Answer 8

Stenosis of mitral and tricuspid valve

Regurgitation of aortic or pulmonary valve

Question 9

What does a murmur throughout the cardiac cycle indicate?

Answer 9

Septal defects

Question 10

How do you calculate mean arterial pressure?

Answer 10

Roughly is diastolic pressure + 1/3 of pulse pressure (difference between diastolic and systolic pressure)