Exchange and the lymphatic system

Question 1

Whats the max distance between tissue and a capillary?

Answer 1

100um

Question 2

How does the endothelium try and prevent clotting?

Answer 2

Prevents blood contacting collagen
Makes prostacyclin and NO 
Produces tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Expresses thrombomodulin
Expresses heparin
Secretes t-PA

Question 3

What do prostacyclin and NO do in regard to clotting?

Answer 3

Inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 4

What does tissue factor pathway inhibitor do in regard to clotting?

Answer 4

stops thrombin production and fibrin formation

Question 5

What does thrombomodulin do in regard to clotting?

Answer 5

Binds thrombin to inactivate it

Question 6

What does heparin do in regard to clotting?

Answer 6

Inactivates thrombin

Question 7

What does t-PA do in regard to clotting?

Answer 7

Converts plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades clots

Question 8

What is the starling equation?

Answer 8

The Starling equation is an equation that illustrates the role of hydrostatic and oncotic forces (the so-called Starling forces) in the movement of fluid across capillary membranes

Question 9

How much of the average plasma volume is reabsorbed or returned via the lymphatic system?

Answer 9

20L plasma fluid lost, 17L regained from kidneys, 3L from lymphatic system

Question 10

What can happen if the lymphatic system is overwhelmed?

Answer 10

Oedema

Question 11

What can cause oedema?

Answer 11

Lymphatic obstruction
Raised CVP (fluid is pushed out more)
Hypoproteinaemia
Increased capillary permeability