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Cardiovascular system 16/17 > Pre-practical cardiovascular anatomy > Flashcards

Pre-practical cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure and contents of the mediastinum

A
  • The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleurae. It extends from the sternum in front to the vertebral column behind, and contains all the thoracic organs except the lungs.
  • It is divided into two parts: a superior part and an inferior part.
  • The inferior part is subdivided into three regions all relative to the pericardium: The anterior mediastinum is in front of the pericardium. The middle mediastinum contains the pericardium and its contents. The posterior mediastinum is behind the pericardium.
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2
Q

What are the main contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A 
Inferior thymus (more so in kids)
Sternopericardial ligaments
Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
Branches of internal thoracic vessels
Fat
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3
Q

Describe the surface anatomy of the heart

A

lies opposite middle 4 thoracic vertebrae (T5-8) in recumbent position

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4
Q

Describe surface anatomy of the apex of the heart

A

5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line= left ventricle

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5
Q

Describe the base of the heart

A

Wholly posterior = left atrium

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6
Q

To which side of the aorta do the inferior and superior vena cava lie?

A

Right

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7
Q

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of 1st rib

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8
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

The inferior border of teres major m.

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9
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide into the radial and ulnar artery?

A

Cubital fossa (triangular area of elbow pit)

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10
Q

On which sides of the arm do the cephalic and basilic veins travel?

A

Cephalic - lateral

Basilic - medial

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11
Q

What connects the cephalic and basilica vein, and where?

A

Median cubital at the cubital fossa (triangular area of elbow pit)

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12
Q

What arteries arise after the branching of the descending aorta at the pubis?

A

First branches of as the iliac, which extends into the common femoral arteries.

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13
Q

What happens to the common femoral arteries as they descend into the lower limb?

A

Branch into superficial and deep femoral arteries

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14
Q

Which bifurcation of the femoral artery continues to branch, while the other merely perfuses local area?

A

Superficial artery branches again into the popliteal artery at the popliteal fossa
Deep femoral stops

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15
Q

What does the popliteal artery bifurcate into?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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16
Q

What branches of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Continues down to the anterior of the dorm of the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis between 1st and 2nd toes

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17
Q

What branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Fibular artery, which continues medially down the inside and bottom of the foot

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18
Q

Name two superficial veins of the lower limbs

A

Long saphenous

Short saphenous

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19
Q

What does the long saphenous vein drain into?

A

Travels up back of leg medially and drains into the femoral vein

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20
Q

What does the short saphenous vein drain into?

A

Travels up the limb posteriorly to drain into the popliteal vein, which drains into the femoral vein proximally

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21
Q

What arteries cause the superficial temporal and facial pulses?

A

External carotid arteries

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22
Q

What arteries cause the carotid pulse?

A

Common carotid artery, branch of aorta

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23
Q

How many pericardial layers are there?

A

2: fibrous and serous layer

24
Q

In which chamber of the heart is the fossa ovalis found in?

A

Right atrium

25
Q

In which chamber of the heart is the muscle pectinati found in?

A

Right atrium

26
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

27
Q

Where is the mitral/bicuspid valve located?

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

28
Q

Which chamber of the heart forms the base of the heart?

A

Left atrium

29
Q

Which chamber of the heart forms the apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

30
Q

How many papillary muscles are found in the right ventricle?

A

3 (NB tricuspid valve)

31
Q

How many papillary muscles are found int he left ventricle?

A

2 (NB bicuspid/mitral valve)

32
Q

From which sinus of the ascending aorta does the right coronary artery arise from?

A

Right aortic sinus

33
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run on the heart?

A

Runs in coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

34
Q

What vessels branch of the right coronary artery and where?

A

o At inferior margin of heart RCA gives off right marginal artery
o On posterior surface of heart RCA gives off posterior descending artery

35
Q

From which sinus of the ascending aorta does the left coronary artery arise from?

A

Arises from left aortic sinus of ascending aorta

36
Q

Where does the left coronary artery run on the heart?

A

Runs in coronary sulcus

37
Q

What vessels branch of the left coronary artery and where?

A

Divides almost immediately into left anterior descending artery (in interventricular sulcus) and circumflex artery

38
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein lie?

A

Great cardiac vein lies alongside anterior interventricular artery

39
Q

Where does the middle cardiac vein lie?

A

Middle cardiac vein lies alongside posterior interventricular artery

40
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein lie?

A

Small cardiac vein lies alongside right marginal artery

41
Q

Where do all the veins of the heart drain?

A

All of the above drain into the coronary sinus lying alongside the circumflex artery, which drains into the right atrium.
The anterior cardiac veins drain directly into the atrium

42
Q

What are the main contents of the superior mediastinum?

A 
SVC 
Brachiocephalic veins
Arch of the aorta
Oesophagus
Trachea
Thymus
Vagus nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerves
Thoracic duct
43
Q

What are the main contents of the middle mediastinum?

A 
Pericardium, containing the heart
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
SVC
Arch of azygos vein
Main bronchi
44
Q

What are the main contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A 
Oesophagus
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Azygos and hemi-azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Vagus nerves
Sympathetic trunk
Splanchnic nerves
45
Q

What makes up the base of the heart?

A

Left atrium (posterior)

46
Q

What makes up the apex of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

47
Q

What makes up the right border of the heart?

A

SVC and right atrium

48
Q

What makes up the left border of the heart?

A

Aortic arch and left ventricle

49
Q

What makes up the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right atrium (1/4), Right ventricle (2/4) and Left ventricle (1/4)

50
Q

What vessel is responsible for the dorsalis pedis?

A

Continuation of anterior tibial artery

51
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium

52
Q

Which nerve is responsible for pain sensation in the heart?

A

Phrenic nerve

53
Q

What does the Vagus nerve innervate?

A

Heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium

54
Q

What does the sympathetic fibres innervate in the heart?

A

Heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium

55
Q

Which sympathetic fibres innervate the heart?

A

Cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia

56
Q

Give some examples of muscular arteries

A 
Brachial
Radial
Femoral 
Posterior tibial
Coronary
57
Q

Give some examples of elastic arteries

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Cardiovascular system 16/17 (40 decks)

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