☀️The Breathing System Flashcards
Base of thorax is formed by
A sheet of involuntary muscle called the diaphram
Thorax
Respiratory system in chest
Ventilation
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
Breathing in through nose
Causes air to be filtered moistened and warmed
Epiglottis
Prevents good and drink entering trachea
Larynx
Contains the vocal cords for speech
Trachea
Windpipe
Trachea bronchioles and bronchi are made up of
Muscle, elastic fibres and rigid cartilage
Mucus
Traps dust and microorganisms
Cilia
Tiny hairs that beat to sweep mucus out of the air pipes into the oesophagus
They defend lungs from infection
What are each lung enclosed by
Pleural membranes
Pharynx
Voicebox
Cartilage
Strong rigid material and prevents the tubes from closing in when air is drawn through them
Where does not contain cartilage
Walls of lower and smaller bronchioles
Lungs
Where has exchange takes place
Outer pleura
Lines chest wall and diaphragm
Inner pleura
Lines lungs
Pleura cavity is the gap between two pleuras which contains a liquid which..
Lubricates membranes and reduces friction during breathing
Aveoli
Air sacs at the end of the bronchioles and their function is has exchange
Functions of aveoli
Provide a huge surface area for gas exchange
Thin walled
Moist surface area
Respiration
Takes place in the body in order to supply the cells with energy
As a result of respiration…
The cells are used up oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and water and pass out of the body by diffusion
Oxygen is transported by
Combining with red haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin
Carbon dioxide and water are both carried in
Blood plasma
Breathing in is known as
Inhalation/ inspiration
Breathing out is known as
Exhalation or expiration
Inhalation steps
- Brain controls rate of breathing
- The inter coastal muscles and diaphram contract
- The chest cavity gets bigger
- The air is forced into the lungs by higher external air pressure
Exhalation steps
- Thé intercostal muscles and ribs move down and in and the diaphram curves up
- Size of chest cavity decreases
- The pressure in the chest cavity increases
- Air is forced out of lungs
Water concentration in inhaled air is
LOW
Water concentration in exhaled air is
HIGH
Make a breathing disorder
Asthma
Asthma is triggered by
Outside allergens
Asthma is caused by
The narrowing of the bronchioles
Asthma is controlled by
Avoiding allergens
What is human breathing controlled by
The brain
High levels of co2 in blood:
Form acid
Decrease pH
Trigger brain to cause breathing
Carbon dioxide is a controlling factor in
Gas exchange
What happens to Carbon dioxide in blood after exercise
It increases
