The Brain and Intro Flashcards
Basic unit of the nervous system
Neurons
Chemicals that allow neurons to send a signal across the synapse to another neuron
Neurotransmitters
2 types of neurotransmitters
Monoamine -norepinephrine -serotonin -dopamine Amino Acids -GABA (inhibitory) -glutamate (excitatory)
GABA
- inhibitory
- benzodiazepines
- reduce anxiety
low: bipolar, anxiety disorders
high: heightened-control, relax
Serotonin
- inhibitory
- appetite, mood regulation, temperature, sexual activity, thought processes
low: depression, suicidal tendencies, anxiety
high: serotonin syndrome
Norepinephrine
- excitatory
- fight or flight response, alertness, arousal, attention
low: low alertness, poor memory, depression, adhd
high: panic attack, anxiety
Dopamine
- excitatory
- mediates pleasure in the brain, learning, focus, movement
low: parkinson’s disease, depressions
high: schizophrenia
Glutamate
- most common neurotransmitter in CNS, cognition, learning, memory
low: huntington’s disease
high: facilitate psychosis, neuron death
Epinephrine
- Excitatory
- mental alertness, metabolism, heart rate, breathing
low: fatigue, weight gain, poor concentration
high: acute stress, sleep disorders, lowered immunity
Temporal lobe
- auditory reception
- processing of visual info
- long-term memory
Occipital lobe
-visual reception area
Parietal lobe
-sensation, body position
Frontal lobe
-order info, sort out sitmuli, high cognitive functions
Thalamus
kind of communications relay station for all sensory info transmitted to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
regulation of body functions (eating, drinking, body temperature, sexual behavior and emotion, fight or flight response
Cerebellum
-balance, breathing, posture
Reticular formation
cause sleeping organism to awaken and an awake organism to become even more alert
Limbic system
hippocampus (control impulses)
amygdala
basal ganglia
twitch, shake motor activity
Cerebral cortex
Reason, perception, thinking
Sympathetic Nervous System
Excitatory
-responsible for expenditure of energy
Parasympathetic Nervous System
-heartbeat deceleration, pupil constriction
Psychotropic meds
Reduce symptoms of mental dysfunction
Agonist
Increase neurotransmitter activity by mimicking its effects
*inverse agonist -produce opposite effects of neurotransmitter
Antagonist
Decrease neurotransmitter activity by mimicking its effects
Focuses on how people and animals structure their experiences, how they make sense of them and how they relate their current experiences tp past ones that have been stored in memory
Cognitive science
Components of emotion
- expressive
- experiential
- physiological
Types of affect
- broad- healthy
- restricted -not obvious
- blunted -become absent
- flat -nothing
- labile- excessive; inappropriate
Hikkimori in Japanese culture
Social withdrawal
Diathesis-stress model
Diathesis-underlying disposition
stress-environmental events
Equifinality
-consider various paths to a particular outcome, not just the result
Internal validity
Confidence that the IV is causing the DV to change
Categorical approach
Presence or absence or a disorder
either you are anxious or not
Dimensional approach
Rank on a continuous quantitive dimension
- degree to which a symptom is present
- how anxious are u on a scale of 1-10?
- better capture an individual’s functioning
Prototypical approach
A categorical approach but with the twist which basically combines features of the former approaches
