History Flashcards
The doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his or her mind and bodt thereby can be treated by exorcism, the ritualistic casting out of evil spirits
Demonology
Cutting holes to the skull in the belief that evil spirits may come out
Trephination or trepanning
Hippocrates
-Mental disturbances have natural causes
-4 humors:
blood (heart-sanguine)
Black bile (spleen-melancholic)
Yellow bile (liver-choleric)
Phlegm (brain-phlegmatic)
Characterized by large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior
Mass Hysteria
Whole groups of people were simultaneously compelled to run out in the streets, dance, shout and jump around in patterns as if they were at a particularly wild party late at night
Rave or Saint Vitus’ dance or tarantism
One of the first mental institutions
Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem (asylum)
Pioneered humanitarian treatment at LaBicetre; begun to treat the patients as sick human beings rather than as beasts
Philippe Pinel
Recommended drawing copious amounts of blood
Benjamin Rush
Patients engage in purposeful, calming activities
Moral treatment
Dorethea Dix
- crusaders for prisoners and mentally ill
- known as mental hygiene movement
General paresis
Degenerative disorder with psychological symptoms
-caused by syphilis
___ work lead to the notion that mental illness can be inherited
Galton
Promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesriable characteristics from the population; state laws required mentally ill to be sterilized
Eugenics
Person who started Insulin-coma therapy
Manfred Sakel
Person who started Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Cerletti and Bini
Prefrontal lobotomy
Egas Moniz
*often led to listlessness, apathy and lack of some cognitive abilities
Pioneered classification of mental illness based on biological causes
Emil Kraepelin
- Syndrome-cluster of symptoms that co-occur
- Proposed 2 major syndromes
- Dementia praecox
- Manic depressive psychosis
Treated patients with hysteria using animal magnetism (undetectable fluid found in all living organisms which could become blocked)
Mesmer
*early practitioner of hypnosis called “mesmerism”
Used hypnosis to facilitate catharsis
Josef Breuer
Rational Emotive therapy (Albert Ellis)
built on the idea that how we feel is largely influenced by how we think. As is implied by the name, this form of therapy encourages the development of rational thinking to facilitate healthy emotional expression and behavior.
The genetic-environment paradigm
Shows how behavior, abnormal behavior and psychopathology are being influenced by the interaction of the genes and environment
Proband
first affected by the disorder in the family
Polygenic
Influenced by many genes
Chain-like structures within a cell nucleus that contain the genes
Chromosomes
Genotype
Set of genes responsible for a particular trait
Phenotype
- observed structural and functional characteristics that result from an interaction of genotype and the environment
- physical expression, characteristics of that trait
Gene-environment correlational model
genetically determined tendency na sila rapud ang maka contribute sa ilang vulnerability sa usa ka possible disorder
Epigenetics
Immediate effects of the environment influence cells that turn certain genes on or off can be passed to different generations
Gene-environment interaction
a given person’s sensitivity or reaction to an environmental event is influenced by genes
