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Abnormal Psychology > Research method in Psychopathology > Flashcards

Research method in Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Clinical interviews

A
  • paradigm influences information sought
  • Structured (behavioral, cognitive)
  • Unstructured (psychodynamic, humanistic)
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2
Q

Stress measures

A
  • Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SSRS) -relies on retrospective ratings
  • Assessment of Daily Experiences (ADE) -monitor and record thoughts and events on a daily basis
  • Bedford College Life events and difficulties Schedule (LEDS) -evaluates stressors within the context of each individual’ss circumstances
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3
Q

Response Inventories

A
  • people provide info about themselves but focus in 1 specific area of functioning
  • affective inventories -emotions
  • social skill -social situations
  • Cognitive -distorted patterns of thinking
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4
Q

Mental Status Exam (MSE)

A
  • Appearance and behavior -overt behavior, attire, posture
  • Thought processes -Derailment, delusions of persecution, grandeur, ideas of reference
  • Intellectual functioning -type of vocab, abstractions, metaphors
  • Sensorium -general awareness of surrounding, Oriented times 3
  • Mood and affect -predominant state of the individual
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5
Q

Psychological tests

A
  • Self-report personality inventories
  • projective tests
  • intelligence tests
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6
Q

Self-observation and self-monitoring

A
  • Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) -collection of data in real time using diaries
  • Dysfunctional Attitude Scale -identifies maladaptive thought processes
  • Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) -assesses immediate thoughts in specific situations
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7
Q

Computerized Axial Taxonomy (CT or CAT Scan)

A

reveals structural abnormalities by detecting differences in tissue density (eg enlarged ventricles)

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8
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A
  • similar to CT but higher quality
  • Functional MRI
  • images reveal dunction as well as structure
  • measures blood flow in the brain
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9
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)

A

Reveals brain functions

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10
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Brain’s electrical activity measured by electrodes placed on scalp

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11
Q

Case study

A
  • detailed biographical description of an individual
  • cannot rule out alternative explanations
  • low internal validity; low external validity
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12
Q

Correlational method

A
  • do variable x and y vary together?

- variables measured but not manipulated

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13
Q

Statistical significance

A
  • probability is less than or equal to .05

- larger samples increase likelihood of significance

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14
Q

Clinical significance

A
  • is the association meaningful as well as statistically significant?
  • amount of improvement is meaningful in the individual’s life?
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15
Q

Problems of causality

A
  • correlation does not imply causality
  • directionality (var x may cause Y; var Y may cause X)
  • third variable problem (var z causes both var x and var Y)
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16
Q

Longitudinal studies

A
  • examines whether causes are present before disorder develops
  • High risk method: include only those who are at greatest likelihood of developing a disorder
  • can be complicated by cross-generational effect (generalize findings to groups whose experiences are differencet from those of the study of participants
17
Q

Cross-sectional studies

A

-measure causes and effects at the same time
-compare different people of different ages
COHORTS: participants in each age group
Cohort effect -confounding age and experience between cohorts

18
Q

Sequential design

A
  • Combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies

- repeated study of different cohorts

19
Q

Epidemiological research

A

Epidemiology -descriptive statistics

-Study of the distribution of disorders in a population and possible correlates (incidence, prevalence)

20
Q

Experiment

A

-IV, DV, random assignment
-can evaluate treatment effectiveness
-guard against confounds:
control group
random assignment
blind design

21
Q

Comparative Treatment Research

A

Researcher gives different treatments to 2 or more groups then assessing which among them is effective

22
Q

Frustro effect

A

participants in the control group disappointed because no treatment

23
Q

How to resolve placebo effect?

A

give therapy with not effect

24
Q

Analogue experiment

A

Experimenter produces abnormal-like behaviror in lab participants and conducts experiments on the participants
Ex. Seligman’s learned helplessness

25
Q

Single-Subject Experimental Research

A
  • Systematic study of individuals under a variety of experimental conditions
  • Reversal (ABAB) Design - measure baseline, measure IV, remove IV, reintroduce IV
  • Repeated Measurement -behavior is measured several times instead of only once before you change IV and once afterward -identify how a person is doing before and after internvention and whether treatment is responsive
  • Withdrawal design
  • Multiple baseline -researchers start treatment at different times across different settings
26
Q

Tend and befriend

A

Protecting oneself and their young through nurturing behavior and forming alliances with larger social groups

27
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classification in a scientific context

28
Q

Nosology

A

Application of a taxonomic system to psych disorders

29
Q

Nomenclature

A

Names, labels of disorders that make up nosology (ex. anxiety disorders)

30
Q

Patent Uniformity Myth

A

Tendency to see all participants as one homogeneous group; disregard individual differences

31
Q

Clinical trial

A

experiment used to determine the effectiveness and safety of a treatment/s

32
Q

Endophenotypes

A

Genetic mechanisms nga makacontribute sa symptoms sa disorder

33
Q

Family Studies

A

Behavioral pattern or emotional trait in the context of the family

34
Q

Adoption studies

A

Pangitaon ang first degree relatives then tan awn kung na display ba and disorder even though different environment and upbringing

35
Q

Genetic linkage analysis

A

When a family disorder is studies, other inherited characteristics (genetic markers) are assessed at the same time

36
Q

Association studies

A

Locates specific genes; compare disordered people to normal people

37
Q

Quasi-experimental design (mixed design)

A
  • Makes use of groups that already exist in the world at large
  • Matched control participants
  • for every abused child in an experiment group, they choose a child who is not abused but has similar characteristic in control group

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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