Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy final exam prep > the brain > Flashcards

the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 major regions of the brain

A

hindbrain
brainstem
midbrain
forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what components make up the hindbrain

A
  • medulla
  • pons
  • cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what parts make up the brainstems

A
  • medulla
  • pons
  • midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the components in the midbrain

A

solely the mid brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 parts of the forebrain

A

diencephalon
telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what components make up the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what components make up the telencephalon

A
  • cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what’s the nickname for the medulla oblongata

A

brain of vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of the medulla oblongata

A
  • respiratory center
  • cardiac center
  • vasometer center
  • reflexes like swallowing, coughing, sneezing
  • relay station
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the functions of the pons

A
  • regulates breathing center with medulla
  • responsible for reflexes for salivation and chewing
  • contains tracts that connect parts of the brain to each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum

A
  • responsible for the unconscious motor movement like automatic, corrective or patterned responses
  • receives into from cerebrum
  • receives sensory info about body position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A
  • visual reflexes
  • auditory reflexes
  • synthesizes dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A
  • control center for all visceral functions + ANS
  • controls endocrine system
  • controls body temp
  • controls sleep-wake cycles
  • drives thirst and hunger
  • synthesizes hormones like ADH and oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the thalamus

A
  • processes sensory info and sends it to the cerebrum
  • edits sensory info
  • considered the gateway to the cerebral cortex
  • focuses our attention by forming crude recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the pineal gland

A
  • endocrine gland that is influence by light
  • produces melatonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what other terms is used for the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the pituitary gland is the link between what systems?

A
  • nervous sytem and endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the pituitary gland has 2 sections, what are they

A

posterior and anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whats the function of the posterior pituitary

A
  • neural
  • made of axons whose cell bodies are in the hypothalamus
  • releases ADH and oxytocin into circulation, where they become hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of the anterior pituitary gland

A
  • glandular
  • regulated by neurons of the hypothalamus
  • hormones that are secreted regulate other glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary gland

A
  • it releases ‘releasing hormones’ that control when the anterior pituitary gland can release it’s own hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the one sensory info that the hypothalamus can’t process

A

smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the function of RAS (reticular activating system)

A
  • controls the level of arousal (how ‘on’) the cortex is
  • ranges from sharp focus to sleep state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the ras effect

A
  • alertness
  • focus
  • attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what components are included in the ras

A
  • midbrain
  • medulla
  • pons
  • hypothalamus
  • cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the limbic system control

A

emotions and drives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the structure of the limbic system

A
  • collection of nuclei and tracts in the cerebrum and diencaphalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what can inhibit the limbic system

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • drugs and alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the components of the limbic system

A
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate gyrus
  • fornix
  • hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

whats the function of the hippocampus

A
  • memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

whats the function of the amygdala

A
  • emotional significance
  • mainly fear or desire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

whats the function of the cingulate gyrus

A

mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

whats the function of the fornix

A

tract that connect hippocampus and hypothalamus (hormones and memories)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is a gyrus

A

elevated ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is a sulcus

A

shallow grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are fissures

A

major grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what’s the function the longitudinal fissure

A

it divides the brain into left and right hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

where’s the central sulcus

A

between the frontal and parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the cerebrum? what is it responsible for?

A

the conscious brain
- voluntary movement and sensory perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what are the 5 lobes that make up the cerebrum

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

the cerebrum is split into 2 major divisions. what are they

A

white matter and basal nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the white matter

A

3 fibers:
- commissure fibers
- projection fibers
- association fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

whats the role of commissure fibers

A

connect right and left hemispheres

44
Q

whats the role of the projection fibers

A

connect the cerebral cortex to the brainstem

45
Q

whats the role of the association fibers

A

connect things within each hemisphere

46
Q

what are basal nuclei

A

masses of grey matter buried within each hemisphere

47
Q

what is the function of the basal nuclei

A
  • help unconscious control of voluntary movement
  • regulates movement like stop start and intensity
  • contributes to procedural learning for cerebral cortex
48
Q

what is procedural learning

A

unconscious and long term learning

49
Q

what is the basal nuclei connected to?

A

cortex motor areas
thalamus
midbrain

50
Q

what is the role of the internal capsule

A

band of projection fibers between thalamus and basal nuclei

51
Q

what is the role of the corona radiata

A

projection fibers radiating out from thalamus to cortical cortex

52
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

gray matter of cerebrum that’s found as an outer layer

53
Q

the cerebral cortex is grey matter composed of cells. what are they?

A
  • cell bodies
  • dendrites
  • glial cells
  • blood vessels
54
Q

the cerebral cortex exhibits some things. what are they

A
  • topographic mapping
  • plasticity
  • lateralization
55
Q

what is topographic mapping

A
  • the brains way of mapping the outside world
56
Q

what is plasticity

A
  • the brain can make new connection and paths
  • lost functions can be regained in other areas
  • all in response to stimuli
57
Q

what is lateralization

A

how the left and right part of the brain process info in different ways and control different patterns of behaviour

58
Q

what is brodmann areas

A
  • system to divide the cerebral cortex according to functional groups
  • areas are mapped and numbered
59
Q

what is somatopy

A
  • spatial mapping of function areas in the cerebral cortex that reflect the body
60
Q

somatotopy is organized into 3 sections. what are they

A

sensory, motor, association

61
Q

what are the 3 ‘rules’ of somatotopy

A
  1. each hemisphere is concerned with functions of the opposite sides of the body
  2. the two hemispheres are not equal in function
  3. no area functions on its own
62
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

vision

63
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

sensory somatotopy
- touch, pressure, temp
- perception and making sense of the world

64
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe

A
  • voluntary movement
  • thinking (executive function)
  • personality (emotion and behaviour control)
65
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A
  • hearing
  • speech production
  • understanding language
66
Q

what is the function of the insula lobe

A
  • taste
  • limbic system
67
Q

what is the function of the OVERALL sensory areas

A
  • receives input that has been relayed from sensory receptors
68
Q

what are the components that are part of the sensory areas

A
  • primary somatosensory
  • primary visual
  • primary auditory
  • primary gustatory
  • primary olfactory
69
Q

where is the primary somatosensory located

A

post central gyrus in parietal lobe

70
Q

what info does the primary somatosensory receive? where does it receive it from?

A
  • skin receptors and proprioreceptors
  • receives info about touch, pressure, temp, pain and body position
71
Q

what is the function of the primary somatosensory

A

determine the body area thats stimulated due to the specific neuron path in that area

72
Q

what is homunculus

A

sensory map formed by neurons that allows you to pinpoint where sensations are originating

73
Q

where is the primary visual area located

A

occipital lobe

74
Q

what is the role of the primary visual

A

receive visual info from eyes

75
Q

where is the primary auditory area located

A

temporal lobe

76
Q

what is the role of the primary auditory area

A

receives auditory info from ears

77
Q

where is the primary gustatory located

A

insula and frontal lobe

78
Q

what is the role of the primary gustatory

A

receive impulses for taste

79
Q

where is the primary olfactory located

A

in temporal lobe

80
Q

what is the role of the primary olfactory area

A

receive impulses for smell

81
Q

what is the role of primary motor areas

A

sends out commands for voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

82
Q

how do primary motor areas control muscle movement?

A

by sending electrical signals that stimulate certain motor areas, which causes a contraction

83
Q

what parts makes up the primary motor areas

A
  • brocas speech area
    frontal eye field
84
Q

where is brocas speech area located

A

frontal lobe

85
Q

what is the role of brocas speech area

A

control the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and mouth

86
Q

impulse from brocas speech area to the primary motor area controls what?

A

the breathing muscles to help regulate air flow

87
Q

where is the frontal eye field located

A

frontal lobe

88
Q

what is the role of the frontal eye field

A

controls the movement of the eyes

89
Q

what are facts about homunculus

A
  • functions can be mapped out
  • it reflects the map of the body
  • sensitivity of area depends on the amount of receptors
  • upside down representation
  • contralateral control
90
Q

what do association areas do

A

uses memory to produce an understanding of the information received

91
Q

what parts make up the association areas

A
  • somatosensory association area
  • visual association
  • auditory
  • wernicks area
  • prefrontal cortex
  • premotor area
  • general interpretative area
92
Q

how are association areas connected

A

association tracts

93
Q

what is the role of the somatosensory association area

A
  • receive input from primary somatosensory area and thalamus
  • allows you to determine the exact shape/texture/orientation of an object
  • retains memories of past somatosensory experiences
94
Q

where is the visual association area located

A

occipital lobe

95
Q

what is the role of the visual association area

A

interprets visions
- interprets the color, shape and recognition

96
Q

what is the role of the auditory association area

A

interprets sounds by using memory and recognition

97
Q

what is wernickes area

A

interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words

98
Q

what is the prefrontal cortex

A

area for intellect, problem solving, empathy, motivation
- the make up of someones personality

99
Q

what is the premotor cortex

A

the motor association area

100
Q

what is the role of the premotor cortex

A
  • stores learned motor skills
  • involved in controlling precise motor movements (causes specific groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence)
101
Q

what is the general interpretative area

A

integrates infro from other association area into one meaning or thought

102
Q

where is the GIA located

A

temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

103
Q

what is lateralization

A

a division of labour between the 2 hemispheres

104
Q

how do the 2 hemispheres ensure instant communication

A

the corpus callosum

105
Q

the left hemisphere is responsible for what?

A

logical stuff

106
Q

the right hemisphere is responsible for what

A

spatial awareness, music and artistic abilities, etc

anatomy final exam prep (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions