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Psychology > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the overall function of the Nervous System?

A

to receive, process, and respond to sensory information

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2
Q

what is the function of the neuron

A

a neuron is an individual nerve cell which receives, processes and transmits information

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3
Q

what is the function of a motor neuron

A

motor neurons send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles, organs and glands

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4
Q

what is the function of an interneuron

A

interneurons send information BETWEEN sensory neurons and motor neurons

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5
Q

what is the function of sensory neurons

A

sends information from sensory receptors (eg. skin, eyes, nose) TOWARDS the central nervous system.

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6
Q

What is the role of the CNS

A

involves the brain and the spinal cord. the brain organises, integrates and interprets information, and the spinal cord sends sensory information from the PNS to the brain and sends motor information from the brain to the PNS.

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7
Q

what is the general role of glial cells

A

glial cells help and support the neuron by providing insulation, nutrients and support, as well as assisting in repairing neurons and eliminating waste products.

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8
Q

What is the role of the pns

A 
Somatic = SAME (sensory + afferent, motor + efferent)
Autonomic = Parasympathetic (Homeostasis) and Sympathetic (fight or flight)
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9
Q

what is the role of the automatic ns

A

Autonomic = Parasympathetic (Homeostasis)

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10
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic ns

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight)

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11
Q

what is the role of the parasympathetic ns

A

Homeostasis- level of calm

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12
Q

What is the function of the forebrain?

A

The forebrain is responsible receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function.

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13
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

The midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

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14
Q

What is the function of the hindbrain?

A

The hindbrain controls the body’s vital functions such as respiration and heart rate. The cerebellum coordinates

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15
Q

What structures are located in the forebrain?

A

(Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Cerebrum)

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16
Q

What structures are located in the midbrain?

A

(Reticular Formation)

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17
Q

What structures are located in the hindbrain?

A

(Cerebellum, Pons & Medulla)

18
Q

Can u label a brain diagram?

A
19
Q

what is the basic structure of the cerebral cortex?

A
20
Q

What is the structure/function of the cerebral cortex?

A

The cerebral cortex is a thin outer layer of the cerebrum. It is important for processing of complex sensory information, language, voluntary movement and regulation of emotions. Different areas of different specializations as illustrated by hemisphere specialization.

21
Q

What are the 4 cortical lobes?

A

(Frontal, Parietal, Occipital &

Temporal).

22
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

the frontal lobe contains the primary motor cortex, Broca’s area and prefrontal cortex. Its main function is voluntary movement, language and higher order cognitive functions like planning.

23
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

The parietal lobe receives and processes sensory stimuli.

somatosensory cortex is important for spatial awareness, touch, temperature and pain is all processed here

24
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

processing visual stimuli.

25
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

primarily responsible for auditory reception as well as memory, facial recognition and emotional responses.
the primary auditory cortex receives sensory auditory information, processes it to give sound meaning.
Wernicke’s area- speech comprehension.

26
Q

What is the function of the primary cortical areas in each lobe?

A
27
Q

what is the function of the left hemisphere?

A

The left hemisphere controls verbal and analytical things.

28
Q

what is the function of the right hemisphere?

A

The right hemisphere is non verbal and visual

29
Q

What is the development of myelin?

A

the process in which myelin is developed is called myelination. In this process, the axons become insulated by myelin to protect the axons from interference from other neurons.

30
Q

What is the synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning?

A

Synaptogenesis is a process of forming new synapses between the brains neurons which occurs during developmental plasticity.

Synaptic pruning is the process of eliminating synaptic connections. It is considered to be the means by which the brain ‘fine tunes’ it’s neural connections. Pruning occurs during childhood and early adolesence.

31
Q

What is the frontal lobe development from infancy to adolescence?

A
32
Q

What are the changes to the brain in adolescence?

A

during adolescence when the prefrontal cortex is still developing, the brain relies on the amygdala to process information, explaining why teens are highly emotional.

33
Q

what is the function of the cell body (soma)

A

integrates information received from the dendrites and transmits to the axon

34
Q

What is brain injury?

A
35
Q

What impact does brain injury have on biological, psychological and social functioning?

A
36
Q

what is the function of the axon

A

it is a tube like fluid filled structure that carries the neural impulse away from the cell body towards the axon terminals

37
Q

what is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

acts as an electrical insulator and increases the speed of neural signals down the axon

38
Q

what is the function of the axon terminal?

A

terminal buttons at the end to store and secrete neurotransmitters

39
Q

what is the function of the synapse?

A

the gap that separates the axon terminal from dendrites (separating the neurons)

40
Q

what is developmental plasticity?

A

Developmental plasticity occurs as a result of growth and development, is influenced by genes and is mainly
in infants, children and adolescents.

41
Q

what is adaptive plasticity?

A

Adaptive plasticity occurs as a result of stimuli from the environment (learning/injury) and occurs
throughout the lifespan.

Psychology (7 decks)

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