psychological development

Question 1

What is adaptive behavior?

Answer 1

Adaptive behavior is any behavior that enables the individual to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively.

Question 2

What is maladaptive behaviour?

Answer 2

Maladaptive behavior is any behavior that interferes with the individuals ability to adjust to the environment appropriately and effectively. It involves actions that impair a persons ability to satisfactorily carry out their usual everyday tasks and to cope with/adjust to the demands of life

Question 3

What is typical behaviour?

Answer 3

Typical behaviour in relation to individual behaviour means that at most times, the person acts as they usually/typically do

Question 4

What is atypical behaviour?

Answer 4

Atypical behviour means that the person acts in ways that are unusual for them (out of character)

Question 5

What is mental health?

Answer 5

Mental health is the current state of a persons psychological wellbeing and functioning. This includes all different kinds of psychological states you may experience.

Good mental health does not mean we do not have times of sadness, anger or anxiety- but is how well
we deal with positive and negative emotions associated with various events in our lives.

Question 6

Mental health continuum

Answer 6

tool used to help track the progression of mental health

Question 7

What are the 6 categories of normality?

Answer 7

Situational
Societal and cultural
Historical
Statistical
Functional
Medical

Question 8

What is the situational approach?

Answer 8

Different situations require specific behaviour

Question 9

What is the Societal/ cultural Approach?

Answer 9

Society has ‘norms’ and rules which govern behaviour

Question 10

What is a historical approach?

Answer 10

time changes the concept of what is ‘normal’

Question 11

What is the statistical approach?

Answer 11

Normality can be defined in terms of what is most frequently occurring in population. Characteristics/ behaviour outside the normal range= abnormal

Question 12

What is a functional approach?

Answer 12

normality is dependent on the person being able to carry out their normal activities.

Question 13

What is a medical approach?

Answer 13

abnormality is defined by the diagnosis of mental illness from specific symptoms.

Question 14

what is a mental health problem?

Answer 14

Often occurs as a result of a life stressor
Usually less severe
Shorter duration than disorder
Will often resolve with time or when life stressor changes or passes
HOWEVER:
If a mental health problem persists or increases in severity it may develop into a disorder

Question 15

What is mental disorder

Answer 15

Combination of thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours which impair the ability to
function effectively in everyday life
Essential characteristics are:
There is clinically diagnosable dysfunction in thoughts, feelings and/or
behaviour
Causes significant personal distress or disability in everyday life
Actions and reactions

Question 16

What is a biological factor?

Answer 16

Relates to genetic makeup and physiological functioning of the body

Question 17

What are examples of biological factors?

Answer 17

genes, male/female, brain chemistry, brain function, nervous system activity, hormones, immune system, physiological responses to stress

Question 18

What are psychological factors?

Answer 18

relates to cognitive and effective functioning

Question 19

egs of psychological factors

Answer 19

beliefs, attitudes, personality traits, ways of thinking,learning memory, perceptions, emotions, coping skills.

Question 20

What are social factors?

Answer 20

relates to individuals interactions with their external environment and other people

Question 21

eg of social factors?

Answer 21

Interpersonal relationship, social network, lifestyle, stressor, poverty, education, violence, human rights.

Question 22

What are internal factors and external factors?

Answer 22

Internal factors stem from within an individual and relate to biological or psychological functioning, whereas external factors stem from outside an individual and arise from their environment, such as social influences.

Question 23

examples of internal factors

Answer 23

Genetics
Personality predisposition
Self-esteem
Physical health
immune system response
Intelligence
Emotions
Attitudes
Cognitive Processes
Memory

Question 24

examples of external factors

Answer 24

Attachment
Family Background
Friends
school
Social Support
Cultural traditions
Socioeconomic status
Poverty
Neglect, abuse
Homelessness
Interpersonal relationships

Question 25

What is Schizophrenia ?

Answer 25

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that involves severe disturbances in thoughts, emotions and behavior.

It is a psychotic disorder meaning that suffers lost touch with reality.

Question 26

What are the causes of Schizophrenia ?

Answer 26

No singular cause, A combination of factors contribute to the onset, dopamine- neurotransmitters that has been found to be over active in patients, genetic predisposition.

Question 27

Symptoms of Schizophrenia?

Answer 27

Delusions – strongly held beliefs despite evidence that they cannot be true E.g. persecution, grandeur, control
Hallucinations – false perceptions in the absence of sensory input E.g. hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there, smelling odours
Disorganised speech – incoherent, jumbled, nonsensical
Lack of motivation and emotion
Social withdrawal
Marked dysfunction from ‘normal’ activities

Question 28

What treatment is their for schizophrenia?

Answer 28

No cure
Antipsychotic medication
Therapy
Family and friends support
Education programs

Question 29

What is DSM-5?

Answer 29

classification system, diagnoses based on symptoms and behaviours, doesn’t tell you the cause or treatment

Question 30

What are the Benefits and limitations of labelling and diagnosis of mental disorder?

Answer 30

benefits - patient gets understanding, assists in the ability to treat

limitations - stigma, over and under diagnoses

Question 31

What is the 2 hit hypothesis?

Answer 31

This provides a framework to explain the genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia
Genetic
-some disruption to the brain at the prenatal stage which
impacts brain
development
malfunction of genes that disrupts the chemicals in the
brain
These are considered to be ‘first hit’ in the model and makes the person more vulnerable to the ‘second hit’.
The ‘second hit’ is the environmental influences which could include: trauma, stress, leaving home, conflict, losing your job, loss of a loved one and many more possible factors.

Question 32

What is coping?

Answer 32

The ability to meet change , challenges and setbacks.