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Neuroscience > The brain > Flashcards

The brain Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 sections does the forebrain initially differentiate into?

A
  • Telencephalon

- Diencephalon

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of cerebral cortex?

A
  • Neocortex
  • Hippocampus
  • Olfactory cortex
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3
Q

What are the bumps of the cerebral cortex called?

A

Gyri and sulci

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4
Q

How many layers does the hippocampus have?

A

3

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5
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

Memory

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6
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the neocortex?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
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7
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Sulcus separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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8
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

Big sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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9
Q

What is the association cortex?

A

Bits of cortex that aren’t sensory/motor - rest of cortex

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10
Q

How many layers does the neocortex have?

A

6

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11
Q

What are the 6 layers of the neocortex?

A
  • Molecular layer
  • External granular layer
  • External pyramidal layer
  • Internal granular layer
  • Internal pyramidal layer
  • Fusiform layer
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12
Q

What is in the molecular layer of the neocortex?

A
  • No cell bodies

- Dendrites and axons

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13
Q

What is in the external granular layer of the neocortex?

A

Granule neurons

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14
Q

What are granule neurons?

A

Smaller neurons with short dendritic processes

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15
Q

What is in the external pyramidal layer of the neocortex?

A

Neurons with a pyramidal shaped cell body

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16
Q

What is in the internal granular layer of the neocortex?

A

Slightly larger granule neurons

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17
Q

What is in the internal pyramidal layer of the neocortex?

A

Massive pyramidal cells with apical dendrites and long basolateral axons which can reach out of the CNS

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18
Q

What is in the fusiform layer of the neocortex?

A

Smaller interneurons whose axons don’t project out of the CNS

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19
Q

What does Weigert PAL staining highlight?

A

Myelin

20
Q

What is Brodmann’s cytoarchitectural map?

A

Mapping of all the different neocortical structures in the cortex which have different functions

21
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Postcentral gyrus at the front of the parietal lobe

22
Q

What are 3 methods of non-invasive functional imaging?

A
  • PET
  • fMRI
  • EEG
23
Q

What does a PET scan show?

A

Areas with high glucose concentrations

24
Q

What does an fMRI scan show?

A

Areas with high oxygen levels

25
Q

What does an EEG scan show?

A

Records electrical activity with electrodes in the brain

26
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus at the back of the frontal lobe

27
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex?

A

At the back of the brain in the occipital lobe

28
Q

Where is the auditory cortex?

A

In the lateral fissure in the temporal lobe

29
Q

What is the limbic lobe associated with?

A

Emotion, attention, motivation

30
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

Gyrus in the medial view of the brain above the corpus callosum

31
Q

What are the sections of the limbic lobe? (3)

A
  • Medial surface of temporal lobe
  • Hippocampus
  • Cingulate gyrus
31
Q

Which lobe is the hippocampus in?

A

Limbic lobe

32
Q

What is the insula cortex involved in?

A

Emotional regulation and sensorimotor processing

33
Q

Where is the insula cortex?

A

Underneath the lateral fissure

34
Q

What are the 2 sections of the basal forebrain?

A
  • Basal ganglia

- Amygdala

35
Q

What are the basal ganglia involved in?

A

Initiation of movement

36
Q

What is the amygdala involved in?

A

Fear

37
Q

What are the 3 types of white matter?

A
  • Commissural fibres
  • Projection fibres
  • Association fibres
38
Q

What do the commissural fibres do?

A

Connect between hemispheres of the cortex

39
Q

What do the projection fibres do?

A

Link the cortex to non-cortical areas

40
Q

What do the association fibres do?

A

Link areas of the cortex within the same hemisphere

41
Q

Where is the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

42
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A
  • ‘Gateway to the cortex’

- Processes information which passes through

43
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Master regulator of homeostasis

44
Q

How many major nuclei are in the hypothalamus?

A

11

Neuroscience (18 decks)

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