The Body's Systems I U3 Flashcards
Integration and Control organ systems
Nervous system, Endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, immune system
Exchange and Transport organ systems
Respiration, circulatory, digestive, excretory systems
Perpetuation organ systems
Reproductive
Bacteria and organ systems
take in nutrients, water etc. excrete wastes compare to humans they have more surface area to volume ratio so they don’t need organ systems but we do
All organisms must accomplish two basic functions to survive
exchange and transport
- The larger the cells the more time it takes for ions/nutrients/ signals, inefficient
- Organ systems arose because of necessity and constraint
Homeostasis
Maintaining equilibrium throughout the entire body
-Temp, fluid and blood pressure
Thermoregulation
our bodies ability to maintain temp, controlled by nervous system
Ectotherms
animals that rely on environment for source of heat
Ex-reptiles, fish, invertebrates
Endotherms
Generate their own heat through metabolism
Ex-mammals and birds
Pros and Cons of Ectothermy
Pros- less energy spent regulating body temp, less water needed
Costs- can only be active when environment permits,
limited energy, bursts of energy
Body temperature importance
affects physiological processes, denaturing of proteins, enzymes are critical, enzyme/substrate affinity is temp dependent
Narrow temp range
individualized cells can range in temp but the overall temp needs to stay relatively constant
Dealing with cold
Insulation such as: fat, hair, clothing,
- Vasomotor response- adjust blood flow according to temperature
- cool blood when hot and warm skin when cold by sending blood to the very surface
Piloerection (fur/hair)
Goosebumps, traps air and increases insulation
Shivering
Increasing the work of muscle cells=increasing heat
