Immune system

Question 1

Immunology

Answer 1

very complex about immune system

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

anything that is foreign that enters your body

• gain access mostly through mucosal and epithelial surfaces
• most never establish a site of reproduction

Question 3

skin and mucus lining

Answer 3

provide initial barrier, acidic environment created by skin oil and mucus trapping
-enzymes in saliva break down pathogens

Question 4

Pathogens

Answer 4

antigens that cause disease 
Kinds of pathogens: 
-prions-misshaped protein's that cause other things to misshape-spread by cannibalism, body doesn't recognize it as an antigen  
-Viruses: protein-encapsulated DAN/RNA
-Bacteria 
-Protists
-Fungi
-Parasites

Question 5

Viruses

Answer 5

very common, cannot replicate on their own, protein capsules with DNA and RNA

Question 6

Organs of the immune system

Answer 6

Epithelium-keep pathogens out
-Mucosal tissue-GI tract
-Central/Primary organs-sites for immune cell regeneration
:bone marrow
:Thymus
-Peripheral/secondary-lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal lymph tissue

Question 7

Innate immunity

Answer 7

non-specific, very fast, no “memory”

Question 8

Adaptive immunity

Answer 8

Specific, slowly, “remembers” pathogens, back up unit

• Humoral immunity: involve B cells, outside of the cells
• Cell-medicated immune response: viruses, inside the cells

Question 9

innate immunity order

Answer 9

Pathogen enters body, neutrophils and macrophages bing to bacteria, engulf bacteria, cytokinesis released (recruit other cells), if bad enough, calls in adaptive immune cels

Question 10

Inflammation

Answer 10

protective response, acts to increase blood flow, promotes immune cell aggregation

Question 11

Adaptive immune order

Answer 11

1st, pathogen is taken up by dendritic cells

then travels to lymph nodes and activated pathogen specific lymphocyte

Question 12

-cell-mediated

Answer 12

• controlled by T cells,
• cytotoxic T Cell, kill intracellular pathogens: pathogens are only detectable with some “signal” on cell surface
• Helper T cells
• -Th1: activates microbicidal properties of macrophage
• -Th2: signal B cells

Question 13

• Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Answer 13

“Presents” antigen to T cells to be destroyed

Question 14

-Humoral-

Answer 14

Controlled by B cells, secrete antibodies,
A) neutralize: antibodies bind to pathogen
B) Opsonize: coat pathogen with antibodies
C) Complete activation: activates special “complement” Protein

Question 15

Vaccines

Answer 15

take advantage of adaptive immune system to help kill off very powerful pathogens, body makes antibodies for a pathogen before body actually encounters it

Question 16

Diseases of immune system

Answer 16

5% of population, hypersensitive to own bodies antigens, over 80 different types

Question 17

Lupus

Answer 17

Chronic inflammatory disease, lots of inflammation, many different parts of body, really hard to diagnose, triggered by something like sunlight, medications, or infections

• butterfly shaped rash on face best sign
• Treatments: NSAIDS, immunosuppressants