The Blood System Flashcards
What is the blood system?
It transports life-sustaining nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to all parts of the body.
Combining form: agglutin/o
Clumping
Combining form: eosin
Rosy red
Combining form: erythr/o
red
Combining form: hemo, hemat/o
blood
Combining form: leuk/o
white
Combining form: phag/o
eating, devouring
Define: albumin
One of the main groups of plasma proteins that helps regulate water movement between blood and tissue
Define: globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin
Three of the four main groups of plasma proteins
Define: gamma globulins
Function as part of the immune system and arise in the lymphatic tissue
Define: electrophoresis
Globulins being separated from each other through an electrical process
Define: plasmapheresis
Process that uses centrifuging to take a patient’s blood and return only red cells to the patient
Define: coagulation
The process of clotting
Define: thromboplastin
The site where platelets clump and release a protein
Define: fibrin clot
thromboplastin combined with calcium and various clotting factors
Define: thrombin
An enzyme which helps form the clot
Define: heparin
An element of blood that prevents clots from forming
Define: erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Define: leukocytes
white blood cells
Define: thrombocytes
Platelets
Define: hematocrit
The measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells
Define: stem cells
Immature blood cells in the bone marrow
Define: erythropoietin
a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow
Define: hemoglobin
a protein within red blood cells that aids in the transport of oxygen
Define: heme
A pigment containing iron
Define: globin
a protein
Define: granulocytes
WBC that have a granular cytoplasm and have a nuclei with several lobes
Define: neutrophils
Most plentiful leukocytes. They remove small particles of unwanted material from the bloodstream
Define: eosinophils
Make up only about 1-3% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They kill parasites and help control inflammations and allergic reactions
Define: basophils
Make up less than 1% of leukocytes in the bloodstream. They release heparin, an anticlotting factor, and histamine
Define: histamine
a substance involved in allergic reactions
Define: agranulocytes
A group of leukocytes that have cytoplasm with no granules.
Define: monocytes
The largest blood cells, make up 3-9% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They destroy large particles of unwanted material
Define: lymphocytes
Make up 25-33% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. Essential to the immune system.
Define: megakaryocytes
Platelets are fragments the break off from large cells in the red bone marrow called megakaryocytes
Define: transfusion
When blood is needed and added to ones bloodstream
Define: agglutination
Clumping of antigens
Define: Rh factor
Positive or negative element in the blood
Define: agglutinogens
Substances that can cause agglutination
Define: eosinopenia
Abnormally low count of eosinophils
Define: leukoblast
An immature white blood cell
Define: erthryocyte
a red blood cell
Define: thrombocyte
A cell involved in blood clotting
Define: agglutinogens
Cause the production of agglutinin
Define: phagocyte
A cell that consumes other substances
Define: hemodialysis
An external dialysis performed by separating solid substances and water from the blood
Define: cytoplasm
The solution the fills the cell and that is enclosed by the cell membrane
What is a: complete blood count?
common screen for basic medical checkup
What is: blood chemistry?
Test of plasma for presence of most substances such as glucose, cholesterol, uric acid and electrolytes
What is: biochemistry panel?
group of automated tests for various common diseases or disorders
What is: blood indices?
measurement of size, volume and content of red blood cell
What is: blood culture?
test of blood specimen in a culture in which microorganisms are observes; test for infections
What is: erythrocyte sedimentation?
test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma
What is: white blood cell differential and red blood cell morphology?
test for number of types of leukocytes and shape of red blood cells
What is: platelet count?
test for number of thrombocytes in a blood sample
What is: partial thromboplastin time?
test for coagulation defects
What is: prothrombin time?
test for coagulation defects
What is: antiglobulin test?
test for antibodies on red blood Coombs’ test
What is: white blood count?
number of white blood cells in a sample
What is: red blood count?
number of red blood cells in a sample
What is: hemoglobin?
level of hemoglobin in blood
What is: hematocrit?
measure of packed red blood cells in a sample
What is: phlebotomy or venipuncture?
withdrawal of blood for examination
What is: dyscrasia?
General term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present
What is: anemia?
General term for a condition in which the red blood cells do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues due to a deficiency in number or quality of red blood cells
What is: sickle cell anemia?
a hereditary condition characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells
What is: thalassemia?
an inherited disorder resulting in an inability to produce sufficient hemoglobin
What is: von Willebrand disease?
is a hemorrhagic disorder in which there is a greater tendency to bleed due to the lack of a clotting factor
What is: hemophilia or thrombocytopenia?
Excessive bleeding
What is: purpura?
A condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin
What is: pancytopenia?
A condition with a low number of all blood cell components
What is: erythropenia?
A disorder with an abnormally low number of red blood cells
What is: polycythemia?
A disease that causes an abnormal increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin
What is: hemolysis?
a disorder with breakdowns in the red blood cell membrane
What is: leukemia?
General term for a disorder with an excessive increase in white blood cells in the bone marrow and bloodstream
What is: myeloblast?
Disorder in which immature granulocytes invade the bone marrow
What is: erythroblastosis fetalis?
Rh factor incompatibility between the mother and the fetus, which can cause death to the fetus
What is: multiple myeloma?
A malignant tumor of the bone marrow
Define: bone marrow biopsy
Used in the diagnosis of various blood disorders. A needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity and marrow is extracted for examination
Define: bone marrow transplant
A donors marrow is introduced into the bone marrow of the recipient. Usually done for serious ailments, such as leukemia and cancer.
Abbreviation: baso
basophil
Abbreviation: BMT
bone marrow transplant
Abbreviation: CBC, cbc
complete blood cell count
Abbreviation: eos
eosinophil
Abbreviation: ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Abbreviation: Hgb, Hb
hemoglobin
Abbreviation: mono
monocyte
Abbreviation: neut
neutrophil
Abbreviation: PT
prothrombin time
Abbreviation: PTT
partial thromboplastin time
Abbreviation: RBC
red blood cell count
Abbreviation: Rh
rhesus
Abbreviation: SR
sedimentation rate
Abbreviation: WBC
White blood cell count
