Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the endocrine system.

A

A group of glands that act as the body’s master regulator. It helps to maintain homeostasis by regulating the production of chemicals that affect most functions in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hormones related to: hypothalamus

A

pituitary-regulating hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hormones related to: neurohypophysis (pituitary gland - posterior)

A
  • antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin
  • oxytocin
  • melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormones related to: adenohypophysis (pituitary gland - anterior)

A
  • growth hormone (GH), somatotrophic hormone
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones related to: thyroid

A
  • thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)

- calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormones related to: parathyroid

A

parathormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormones related to: adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hormones related to: adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormones related to: pancreas

A

insulin, glucagons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hormones related to: pineal gland

A

melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormones related to: ovaries

A

estrogen, progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hormones related to: testes

A

androgen, testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormones related to: thymus gland

A

thymosin, thymic humoral factor (THF), factor thymic serum (FTS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of: hypothalamus

A

either stimulates or inhibits pituitary secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of: neurohypophysis (pituitary gland - posterior)

A
  • increases water reabsorption
  • stimulates uterine contractions and lactation
  • stimulates the production of melanin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of: adenohypohysis (pituitary gland - anterior)

A
  • stimulates bone and muscle growth
  • stimulates thyroid gland to secrete hormones
  • stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones
  • stimulates development of ova and production of female hormones
  • stimulates breast development and milk production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of: thyroid

A
  • regulates metabolism, stimulates growth

- lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of: parathyroid

A

increases blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of: adrenal medulla

A

works with the sympathetic nervous system to react to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of: adrenal cortex

A

affects metabolism and growth; aids in electrolyte and fluid balances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of: pancreas

A

maintains homeostasis in blood glucose concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of: pineal gland

A

affects sexual functions and wake-sleep cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of: ovaries

A

promotes development of female sex characteristics, menstrual cycle, reproductive functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of: testes

A

promotes development of male sex characteristics, sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Function of: thymus gland

A

aids in development of T cells and some B cells; function not well understood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Combining form: aden/o

A

gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Combining form: adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Combining form: gluc/o

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Combining form: glyc/o

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Combining form: gonad/o

A

sex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Combining form: pancreat/o

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Combining form: parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Combining form: thyr/o, thryroid/o

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Describe: glands

A

tissues that secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Describe: hormones

A

specialized chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe: target cells

A

cells that have receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Describe: exocrine glands

A

secrete substances into ducts directed toward a specific location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Describe: endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Tell me about: hypothalamus

A

part of the nervous system that serves as an endocrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Tell me about: releasing factor

A

allowing the secretion of hormones to take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Tell me about: inhibiting factor

A

preventing the secretion of other hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Tell me about: pineal gland

A

Located superior and posterior to the pituitary gland and releases melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Tell me about: melatonin

A

A hormone that is believed to affect sleep and the functioning of the gonads

44
Q

Tell me about: pituitary gland

A

Located at the base of the brain. Consists of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

45
Q

Tell me about: thyroid gland

A

Consists of a left lobe and a right lobe that sit on either side of the trachea.

46
Q

Tell me about: isthmus

A

A narrow strip of tissue on the ventral surface of the trachea that connects the lobes of the thyroid gland

47
Q

Tell me about: metabolism

A

The chemical changes in cells that provide energy for vital processes and activities and through which new material is assimilated)

48
Q

Tell me about: parathyroid glands

A

Four oval-shaped glands located on the dorsal side of the thyroid. Helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels

49
Q

Tell me about: thymus gland

A

Endocrine gland but also part of the immune system

50
Q

Tell me about: adrenal glands

A

A pair of glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Regular electrolytes in the body.

51
Q

Tell me about: pancreas

A

Helps maintain proper levels of glucose. Secrets insulin and glucagon.

52
Q

Tell me about: ovaries

A

In the female pelvic region, one on top of each fallopian tube. Produce the immature egg cell

53
Q

Tell me about: testes

A

Located in the scrotum and produce spermatozoa

54
Q

What is: pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

55
Q

What is: glycolysis?

A

Conversion of glycogen to glucose

56
Q

What is: adenopathy?

A

Glandular or lymph node disease

57
Q

What is: gonadotropin?

A

Hormone that aids in growth of gonads

58
Q

What is: glucogensis?

A

Production of glucose

59
Q

What is: adrenomegaly?

A

Enlargement of the adrenal gland

60
Q

What is: thyrotoxic?

A

Having excessive amounts of thyroid hormones

61
Q

What is: parathyroidectomy?

A

Excision of the parathyroid glands

62
Q

What is: a fasting blood sugar test?

A

A blood sugar test after 12 hours of fasting

63
Q

What is: radioactive immunoassay?

A

A test that uses radioactive iodine to locate various substances in the plasma

64
Q

What is: thyroid function test or study?

A

Blood test that measures the various hormones secreted by the thyroid

65
Q

What is: radioactive iodine uptake?

A

Measure of how quickly the thyroid gland absorbs ingested iodine.

66
Q

What is: thyroid scan?

A

Test for cancer or other abnormalities using radionuclide imaging

67
Q

Define: hypersecretion?

A

Oversecretion of one or more hormone

68
Q

Define: hyposecretion

A

Under secretion of one or more hormones

69
Q

Define: acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty

70
Q

Define: gigantism

A

Abnormal growth, even up to 8 feet

71
Q

Define: dwarfism

A

hyposecretion of growth hormones resulting in stunted growth

72
Q

Define: diabetes insipidus

A

A disease with excessive amounts of water excreted in the urine and excessive and constant thirst

73
Q

Define: polyuria

A

excessive amount of water excreted in the urine

74
Q

Define: polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

75
Q

Define: Symptom of inappropriate ADH

A

Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormones which results in excessive water retention

76
Q

Define: hyperthyroidism

A

Overactive thyroid gland causing increased metabolic rate, weight loss, insomnia, and sweating

77
Q

Define: exophthalmos

A

Bulging of the eyes

78
Q

Define: goiter

A

Caused by hypersecretion of the thyroid gland causing the gland to expand and create a massive growth in the neck

79
Q

Define: hypothyroidism

A

underactivity of the thyroid gland, causing sluggishness and slow metabolism, often resulting in obesity.

80
Q

Define: myxedema

A

Specific type of hypothyroidism in adults with a range of symptoms including puffiness of the extremities, slow muscular response, and excessively dry skin

81
Q

Define: hyperparathyroidism

A

Overactivity of the parathyroid glands. Usually caused by a tumour in the parathyroid gland and often results in many clinical symptoms, from bone loss to severe cases of kidney failure

82
Q

Define: hypoparathyroidism

A

Underactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in low blood calcium levels, causing symptoms such as bone loss and some muscle paralysis

83
Q

Define: tetany

A

Muscle paralysis

84
Q

Define: hyperadrenalism

A

Overactive adrenal gland usually caused by an adrenal tumour

85
Q

Define: hirsutism

A

Abnormal hair growth

86
Q

Define: virilism

A

A condition with excessive androgen secretion resulting in mature masculine features in children

87
Q

Define: Cushing syndrome

A

Administration of steroids to keep the overactivity in balance

88
Q

Define: Addison disease

A

Another name for hypoadrenalism. May result in anemia, abnormal skin pigment, and general malaise.

89
Q

What is: pancreatits?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

90
Q

What is: hypoglycemia?

A

A lowering of blood sugar that deprives the body of needed glucose

91
Q

What is: diabetes mellitus?

A

A widespread disease caused by the hyposecretion of insulin

92
Q

What is: diabetic nephropathy?

A

Kidney disease resulting from serious diabetes

93
Q

What is: diabetic neuropathy?

A

Loss of sensation to extremities

94
Q

What is: diabetic retinopathy?

A

Gradual vision loss leading to blindness

95
Q

What is: acidosis, ketoacidosis, and ketosis?

A

Abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the blood and urine

96
Q

What is: adenectomy?

A

Removal of any gland.

97
Q

What is: adrenalectomy?

A

Removal of the adrenal gland.

98
Q

What is: hypophysectomy?

A

Removal of the pituitary gland.

99
Q

What is: pancreatectomy?

A

Removal of the pancreas

100
Q

What is: patathyroidectomy?

A

Removal of the parathyroid gland

101
Q

What is: thymectomy?

A

Removal of the thymus gland

102
Q

What is: thyroidectomy?

A

Removal of the thyroid

103
Q

What is: hormone replacement therapy?

A

Hormone deficiencies treated by synthetic thyroid, estrogen, and testosterone.

104
Q

What is: antihypoglycemic?

A

Raises blood sugar

105
Q

What is: antihyperglycemic?

A

Lowers blood sugar

106
Q

What is: radioactive iodine therapy?

A

Chemotherpy/radiation

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions