The blood & heart

Question 1

What are Platelets?

Answer 1

Fragments of calles with no nuclues, they help to form blood clots at the wound

Question 2

What is Plasma?

Answer 2

The Plasma carrys blood cells, carbom dioxide, urea, souluble food molecues, hormones and proteins

Question 3

What are white blood cells?

Answer 3

White blood cells destory bacteria and virus, it protects us from infection

Question 4

What are red blood cells?

Answer 4

Red blood cells crry oxygen around the body, they have a biconcave shape, they also contain a red protein pigment called hemoglobin

Question 5

What is a capillary?

Answer 5

A capillary has thin walls (1 cell thick) which allows diffusion on subst into and out the blood. Out of the blood is oxygen and glucose and it inequals carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is a vein?

Answer 6

A vein is when the blood is under low pressure so the walls are thinner, veins contain vovius to prevent backflow

function: carrys blood from organs back towards the heart, contains deoxygenates blood. Has a wide lumen and a thin muscle wall

Question 7

What is an artery?

Answer 7

An artery is where the blood is under high pressure therefore the arterys have thick walls, arterys contian elastic tissue so they can stretch

function: carry out blood away from the heart, carry oxygenated blood. They have a thick muscle wall and lumen

Question 8

What is the Aorta?

Answer 8

Carries blood to the body

Question 9

What does the Pulmonary Arterys do?

Answer 9

It carries blood to the lungs

Question 10

What do the pulmonary viens do?

Answer 10

They carry blood from the lungs

Question 11

What does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 11

Carries blood to the heart (top of the heart)

Question 12

What does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 12

Carries blood to the heart (bottom of the heart)

Question 13

What is the journey of the blood around the heart?

Answer 13

1. Blood returns to the right atrium through the vena cava
2. Blood flows down into the right ventical
3. Blood is pumped out of the right ventical through the pulmanary artery to the lungs to collect the oxygen.
4. Oxygenated blood returns to the left artium through the pulmanary vein
5. Bloody flows down to the left ventical
6. The left ventrical contracts to force the blood out of the Aorta to the body

Question 14

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 14

The arteries that supply blood to the herat become narrowed with a build up of plaque/fat, therefore less blood can get to the heart which means less respiration

Question 15

How can coronary heart disease be treated with Statins?

Answer 15

Statins reduce blood cholestreol levels and this slows down the rate at which fatty material is deposited in the coronary arteries

Question 16

How can coronary heart disease be treated with Stents?

Answer 16

The balloon placed in the artery, whilst the fatty deposites narows artery, the balloon is inflated to open the blood vessel and stent and it holds the artery open

Question 17

How can coronary heart disease be treated with Bypass?

Answer 17

Takes surgery, replacing thenarrow or blocked coronary arteries, this helps when stents arent nessary. It is expensive and there are risks like infection

Question 18

What is cow tissue heart value?

Answer 18

It is used for valve replacment, been used since 2011 and is made from artery tissue, attached to a stent and insurted inside the valvue

Question 19

What is a living human heart valvue?

Answer 19

Used for valvue replacment, has been used for more than 12 year, can take a long time to find a suitable human donor, in the opperation the chest is opened and the old valvue is removed

Question 20

What is the function of the pacemaker?

Answer 20

A pacemakers job is to regulate the heartrate, it is found in the right atrium. It sends electrical impulses to make sure the heart beats in a regular rythm.

Question 21

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 21

oxygen + glucose –> carbon dioxide + water