B6 - Preventing and treating disease

Question 1

What is a vaccine?

Answer 1

It is a dead or inactive pathogen injected into the body

Question 2

what is heard immunity?

Answer 2

when a large enough proportion of the community is immune to diease the spread of the pathogen is greatly reduced

Question 3

how do vaccines work?

Answer 3

1. the dead or inactive pathogen is injected into the blood stream
2. the white blood cells produce antibodys needed to fight the pathogens that make you ill.
3. some lymphocyles tur into memory cells that stay there for years
4. the person kills of the pathogens
5. if the disease comes back the memory cells remember it so the white blood cells will be able to kill them quicker.

Question 4

what is the drug aspirin?

Answer 4

• originates from a compound will bark tree
• releaves pain and reduces inflammination

Question 5

Drugs in its source

Answer 5

• Pencillin –> Pencillin mould –> antibiotic
• Foxglove –> Digitalis –> heart treatment
• aspirin –> willow –> painkiller

Question 6

What is digitalis and digoxin?

Answer 6

• both extracted from the foxglove plant
• have been used since 18th century to help strengthen the heartbeat

Question 7

The discovery of pencillin?

Answer 7

The chemicals originated from a fungus and used as a antibiotic to kill bacteria

Question 8

How does the pre-clinical trials work?

Answer 8

1. tests the drug on cells and tissues to find out if it is toxic or not
2. test on 2 mammals to find out dosage and how the drug effects on whole organisms
3. tests on healthy volenteers to determine side effects
4. tests on patients to find out if it is effective

Question 9

What is a double blind trial?

Answer 9

The doctor and the patient do not know who gets the placebo (sugar pill) or the real drug. This helps avoid biast and provides a control to compare the drug to

Question 10

what is Bronchitis

Answer 10

where the lumen narrows because of the build up of mucus causing inflammation of the thickened muscle meaning that less oxygen gets to your cells which means less respiration and less energy

Question 11

what is Emphysema

Answer 11

• have a smaller surface meaning less diffusison of oxygen
• meaning less oxygen in the blood
• causes less repiration and energy

Question 12

what is the BMI equation

Answer 12

BMI= mass in kg/height in m2

Question 13

why would certain members disagree with drug trials

Answer 13

• ethics of animal testing

Question 14

what organs in the body control blood sugar

Answer 14

liver, pancreas