The Berlin Crisis 1961 Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Berlin a problem for the SU after WW2 (3)

A
  • Berlin was in a Soviet Zone
  • Because capital city was split it provided an escape route
  • Stalin scared capitalism would spread
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2
Q

Between 1949 and 1961, how many East Germans fled to the West through Berlin?

A

4 million

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3
Q

Why did many people flee from East Berlin to West Berlin? (3)

A
  • More freedom
  • Become richer
  • Easier to buy consumer goods
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4
Q

Why was the amount the movement of people from East to West a bad thing for the SU?

A
  • Humiliating

- Espionage could come from West Berlin

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5
Q

What was the Berlin ultimatum?

A

He told the allies to leave Berlin within 6 months

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6
Q

When was the Berlin ultimatum issued?

A

1958

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7
Q

Who issued the Berlin ultimatum?

A

Khrushchev

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8
Q

When did Khrushchev visit the USA to talk with President Eisenhower about Berlin and nuclear weapons?

A

1959

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9
Q

When was the second meeting to discuss Berlin happen?

A

1960

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10
Q

How many days before the second meeting to discuss Berlin was a pilot shot down?

A

9 days

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11
Q

What happened 9 days before the second meeting to discuss Berlin?

A

The SU announced it had shot down and captured a spy plane

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12
Q

When did West Germany join NATO?`

A

1955

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13
Q

When did Berlin join the European Economic Community?

A

1957

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14
Q

Why was West Germany being economically stronger a threat to Khrushchev?

A

Believed West Germany was a military threat

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15
Q

When did refugees leaving East Berlin equal more than 20,000 a month?

A

1961

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16
Q

From January 1961, how many refugees left East Germany each month?

A

20,000

17
Q

Why was the amount of people leaving East Berlin a ‘brain drain’?

A

Intellectual people leaving - drain on the economy and skilled craftsmen - threatened the economic collapse of East Germany

18
Q

When did Khrushchev demand the USA leave Berlin for a second time?

A

1961

19
Q

How much did JFK increase military spending by?

A

$3.5 billion

20
Q

Why did JFK increase military spending?

A

Preparing for war

21
Q

What did Khrushchev do in response to the USA increasing budget?

A

Increasing their own budget by 30%

22
Q

When did Khrushchev close the border from East and West Berlin?

A

August 1961

23
Q

What were the results of the Berlin crisis?

A

Families were split and the German people felt let down

24
Q

What agreement was ruined during the Berlin crisis?

A

The 1949 agreement over Berlin