The behaviourist approach Flashcards
What is punishment?
-An unpleasant consequence for behaviour , decreases the likelihood behaviour will be repeated.
(p)Why is the behaviourist approach focusing on observable behaviours and the idea that all behaviours are learnt through interaction with the environment a strength ?
E- Allows for a clear and measurable and therefore can be effectively applied in various fields i.e therapy.
T-Therefore by using the behaviourist approach it provides a practical strategies for shaping behaviour.
What are the practical issues trying to understand human behaviour by studying animals? with examples
- Humans are much more complex. For example , humans have more developed prefrontal cortex’s that are responsible for high logic , humour , planning ect.
Why is (P)- it largely ignoring internal mental process , due to the physical and mentally stressing activity’s that go off a weakness ?
P - it largely ignores internal mental process , due to the physical and mentally stressing activity’s that go off.
E - This means processes such as thoughts , feelings and motivations can lead to an oversimply complex human experiences.
T-Therefore it ay not explain why individuals behave in certain ways.
What is negative reinforcement?
- Performing a behaviour to avoid something unpleasant.
- it increases the likelihood behaviour will be repeated.
What scientific methods do behaviourists use?
Lab experiments
P - The behaviourist approach has scientific credibility and has contributed to the development of psychology as a science.
E - methods - experiment
Why is being scientific good?
-High levels of control
-Isolate variable
- establish cause and effect.
What is positive reinforcement?
Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed . It increases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated.
What is operant conditioning?
- Learning through consequence.
What is Generalise?
-Being able to apply the finding of a study to the whole human population.
What is determinism reductionism?
-It is the behaviours sole cause being conditioning.We have no control over our conditioning
What is environment reduction?
To reduce the complex phenomena of human behaviour down to s - r bonds.
What is classical conditioning?
- It is learning through association.
What is the Pavlov’s dogs theory?
-Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food.
1 before conditioning = (food - response - salivation )
2 - Before conditioning (bell - response - no salivation)
3 -During conditioning ( bell + food - response - salivation)
4 -After conditioning ( Bell - response - salivation)
What are some real life application?
1 - token economies-Behavioural management system.( the individual will get rewarded demonstrating good behaviour.)-these tokens can be exchanged for rewards.
- Flooding- Behavioural therapy
- make the patients learn to associate feeling of relaxation with the phobic stimulus.
-Patient is then exposed to phobic stimulus
- Once relaxed they are cured
( Example pf classical conditioning)
What do behaviourists believe in when we are born?
1 -That we are blank slates
2 - This means that all behaviour is learnt from the environment.
3 Behaviourists are only interested in observable behaviour.
What is meant by a stimulus - response bond?
- Stimulus - happening that triggers a reactions.
Response - a reaction to a stimulus.
What is the skinners rats experiment?
1 rat presses a lever
2 rat receives a treat
3 rat repeats step 1 , to receive more treats.
4 Rat gets electric shocked through the floor.
5 So therefore he presses the lever to top getting shocked.
What is positive reinforcement?
- Receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed . Increases the likelihood behaviour will be repeated.
What is the ABC of reinforcement?
Antecedent - i.e rat presses the level by accident
Behaviour i.e rat keeps pressing the level
Consequences i.e Rat gets the food/treat.
