The Behavioral Model of Abnormality Flashcards
behaviorists argue that
phobias are learnt in the same way that all behaviors are learnt
all behaviors are learnt though
classical and operant conditioning
in classical conditioning a natural reflex is produced in response to a
previously neutral stimulus
phobias can be created when
the natural fear response becomes associated with a particular stimulus
- a certain stimulus =
unconditioned stimulus
- the unconditioned stimulus triggers
a natural reflex - unconditioned responce
- the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly presented with another stimulus =
a conditioned stimulus
- the conditioned stimulus triggers a
unconditioned responce
- over time, the conditioned stimulus presents itself to create
a conditioned responce
phobias can generalize to
similar stimuli
Watson and Rayner date
1920
Watson and Rayner study name
Little Albert
Watson and Rayner conditioned a phobia in
Little Albert by using classical conditioning
Watson and Rayner presented little Albert with a
white rat which he was fine with
Watson and Rayner then got Albert to associate
rats with load noises which scared him
Watson and Rayner found that Albert then
generalized his fear to white fluffy objects
operant conditioning is
learning from the consequences of actions
actions which have a good outcome give
positive reinforcement or negative reinformcement
what could positive reinforcement be?
a reward
what could negative reinforcement be?
the removal of something bad
actions which have a bad outcome give
punishment
after punishment, the action
will not be repeated
operant conditioning is important in
maintaining phobias
